We present the intuitive interpretation of a ne epipolar geometry for the orthographic, scaled orthographic, and paraperspective projection models in terms of the factorization method for the generalized a ne projection (GAP) model proposed by Fujiki and Kurata (1997). Using the GAP model introduced by Mundy and Zisserman (1992), each a ne projection model can be resolved into the orthographic ...

When we hear an utterance, is the orthographic representation of that utterance activated when it is being processed? Orthographic influences have been previously examined in relation to spoken pseudoword processing in three different paradigms. Unlike real word processing, no orthographic effects with pseudowords have been observed in a phoneme goodness ratings task, and there is a mixed outco...

Many pre-literate children, illiterate adults, and patients with acquired dyslexia have difficulty segmenting speech sounds despite intact or relatively spared spoken language abilities. Although it is unclear whether segmentation skills are a pre-requisite to or a consequence of reading ability, skilled readers may exploit orthographic knowledge during speech segmentation by invoking a strateg...

This paper presents a named entity classification system that utilises both orthographic and contextual information. The random subspace method was employed to generate and refine attribute models. Supervised and unsupervised learning techniques used in the recombination of models to produce the final results.

Presented is an extension of the simple recurrent network (SRN), termed the sequence encoder, which learns fixedwidth representations of variable-length sequences. This architecture was used to learn orthographic representations for nearly 75,000 English words, of which nearly 69,000 were multisyllabic. Analyses showed that sequence encoder representations are shaped by the dependencies among l...

The Han sphere, including Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Taiwan and China, adopted Han characters and classical Han writing as the official written language before the 20 century. However, great changes came with the advent of the 20th century. After World War II, Han characters in Vietnam and Korea were officially replaced by the romanised Chu Quoc Ngu and phonemic Hangul, respectively. In Japan, the ...

Due to the non−trivial relationship between the orthographic form and the chain of sounds in a spoken utterance in German, the text−to−phoneme conversion (TPC), as part of a text−to− speech system, is not a negligible task. Many methods that use a fixed set of rules for TPC take into account the morphological structure of words. Even though this approach results in a high accuracy, it has one m...

In double naming tasks requiring the production of consecutive spoken and written responses to the same picture, subject ECA produced inconsistent lexical responses in the say-then-write (stimulus: organ; spoken response: “church;” written response: piano) but not in the write-then-say condition (organ ® piano ® “piano”). This observation, together with the fact that ECA had damage to the seman...

We present a completely featureless, language agnostic named entity recognition system. Following recent advances in artificial neural network research, the recognizer employs parametric rectified linear units (PReLU), word embeddings and character-level embeddings based on gated linear units (GRU). Without any feature engineering, only with surface forms, lemmas and tags as input, the network ...

Historical text presents numerous challenges for contemporary natural language processing techniques. In particular, the absence of consistent orthographic conventions in historical text presents difficulties for any system requiring reference to a static lexicon indexed by orthographic form. Canonicalization approaches seek to address these issues by assigning an extant equivalent to each word...