The ballista spring system is a simplified orthodontic system for treating impacted teeth. The impacted tooth is retracted by a spring that accumulates a continuous force from being twisted on its long axis. The necessary operation on the impacted tooth is simple and less traumatic. The force exerted on the tooth is vertical, without compressing the impacted tooth toward the adjacent roots. Thi...

Aim: Previous studies have demonstrated that orthodontic forces may injure dental pulp tissue via the apical foramen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of various cytokines in pulp tissues of root apex after orthodontic tooth movement and compare the amount of internal root resorption in vital and pulp less rat teeth. Methods: Upper right first molars of 7-week Wistar ...

The aim of this study was to compare the stability of mini-implants using drill-free and drilling methods, both before and after early force loading. Sixty-two adolescent patients (24 males and 38 females, mean age 15.7 ± 4.2 years) were randomly assigned to three groups and 112 titanium mini-implants were placed between the upper first molars and second premolars to achieve molar distalization...

background: this randomized trial was undertaken to investigate the effect of experimentally induced allergy on orthodontic induced root resorption. materials and methods: a total of 30 wistar rats were divided randomly into test and control groups. starting from the first 3 days, the rats in the test group were injected intra-peritoneally by 2 mg ovalbumin as allergen and 0.5 mg alume as adjuv...

In adult interdisciplinary treatments with using dental implants, limited orthodontic treatment, especially orthodontic extrusion (OE), offers many benefits by both correcting teeth alignment and by contributing to the regeneration of periodontal tissues. However, orthodontic procedures carry some risks and unpredictabilities that might compromise tooth and/or periodontal tissue health. Especia...

Clinical experience suggests that successful orthodontic tooth movement can be produced with a threshold for force duration at about 6 hours, however, the changes in the periodontal ligaments (PDL) during this period is still unclear. Nitric oxide (NO) is a marker of signal transduction relating to bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to observe the initial response of NO synthase (NOS) w...

OBJECTIVES One major drawback of orthodontic treatment is its long duration due to slow tooth movement and the pain at the onset of treatment following application of forces. There is controversy regarding the efficacy of laser for decreasing the treatment time and pain of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low level diode laser on the rate of orth...

Miniplate and screw devices are widely used for fracture repair and fixation of osteotomies. Currently, these miniplate systems are being used as orthodontic treatments for skeletal anchorage. However, despite the widespread use of these treatments, patients are apprehensive when they need to undergo miniplate procedures. Recently, we assessed pain perception using the visual analog scale (VAS)...

Context: One of the most important aims in orthodontic treatment is to apply a light continuous force to achieve maximum effective tooth movement with minimal side effects (optimal tooth movement). It is obvious that elastomeric chains are the most popular method of space closure, but they undergo force decay during time. Force decay behavior of elastomeric chains is influenced by various facto...

After giving the periodontal tissues proper care, clinician must be able to estimate force systems and manage tooth movement in order close a gap. Frictional frictionless mechanics are used move orthodontic teeth during space closure. A detailed understanding of clinical scenario biomechanical concepts is necessary for choosing right mechanics.