In the olfactory system of male moths, a specialized subset of neurons detects and processes the main component of the sex pheromone emitted by females. It is composed of several thousand first-order olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), all expressing the same pheromone receptor, that contact synaptically a few tens of second-order projection neurons (PNs) within a single restricted brain area. T...

Acknowledgements: We thank John T. Williams for advice on the experiments, Kazuto Kobayashi for the gift of TH-EGFP mice, and AeSoon Bensen for maintenance of the mouse colony.07262 (BJM). Abstract Most central neurons package and release a single transmitter. However co-transmission of fast-acting and modulatory transmitters has been observed in vertebrate and invertebrate systems. Here, we de...

The poreplate sensilla of honeybees are equipped with multiple olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), which innervate glomeruli of the antennal lobe (AL). We investigated the axonal projection pattern in glomeruli of the AL (glomerular pattern), formed by the multiple ORNs of individual poreplate sensilla. We used the different glomerular patterns to draw conclusions about the equipment of poreplat...

This study assessed and compared different methods for vegetative propagation of a miniature ornamental pineapple hybrid (ORN-MUT), seeking to determine the best method production plantlets, as well removal PMWaV viral complex from plants cultured in vitro, healthy parent plants. Pineapple wilt is disease that can cause large economic caused by called mealybug wilt-associated virus (PMWaV). For...

Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by juxtaglomerular (JG) neurons of the olfactory bulb (OB) requires innervation of the bulb by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORN lesion selectively downregulates TH in JG neurons. In reversible odor deprivation, TH expression is downregulated as the naris is closed and then upregulated upon naris reopening. The mechanism or mechanisms regulating this...

Arginine (ARG) and its related amino acids (AAs) ornithine (ORN) and citrulline (CIT) find a range of applications as dietary supplements in subgroups of healthy subjects (e.g., bodybuilders) and patients with acute or chronic malnutrition. These AAs appear to be well utilized in humans with, in general, a rapid return of blood concentrations to basal values (i.e., within 5-8 h) and low absolut...

INTRODUCTION Radiolabeled RGD peptides that specifically target integrin α(ν)β(3) have great potential in early tumor detection through noninvasive monitoring of tumor angiogenesis. Based on previous findings of our group on radiopeptides containing positively charged aminoacids, we developed a new cyclic cRGDfK derivative, c(RGDfK)-(Orn)(3)-CGG. This new peptide availing the polar linker (Orn)...

Radiation therapy (RT) is a treatment option for head and neck cancer (HNC), but 2% of RT patients may experience damage to the jawbone, resulting in osteoradionecrosis (ORN). The ORN can manifest years after exposure. Changes local microchemical bone quality prior clinical manifestation could play key role pathogenesis. Chemical be analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),...

The single-stranded region of DNA within the open complex of transcriptionally active genes provides a unique target for the design of gene-specific transcription inhibitors. Using the Escherichia coli lac UV5 and trp EDCBA promoters as in vitro models of open complex formation, we have identified the sites inside these transcription bubbles that are accessible for hybridization by short, nucle...