The objective of this paper is to review object-oriented (OO) approaches to data modeling and data handling and their usefulness in transportation planning and modeling in general and Intelligent Transportation Systems in particular. The paper begins with a discussion of the current GIS data model for representing a transportation network and the most common database management systems used in ...

Agriculture plays an essential role in restructuring and country planning. However, the agricultural world is under economic pressures that affect the efficiency of landowners. To ensure good productivity, the farmer needs his land to be spatially well organised and well equipped. To use the agricultural land most efficiently, it is important first to understand the area by collecting together ...

Humans have diierent problem solving strategies at their disposal and they can exibly employ several strategies when solving a complex problem, whereas previous planning or theorem proving systems employ a single strategy or a xed combination of a few strategies. We extend the notion of strategies in a way that can additionally help to structure the vast amount of knowledge in mathematics. We p...

Research on ecosystem services has grown markedly in recent years. However, few studies are embedded in a social process designed to ensure effective management of ecosystem services. Most research has focused only on biophysical and valuation assessments of putative services. As a mission-oriented discipline, ecosystem service research should be user-inspired and user-useful, which will requir...

How can formal planning deal with uncertainty and rapid change while maintaining high standards of procedural certainty? This paper, using Germany as an example, examines how municipalities handle this dilemma within their existing systems. Municipalities use different approaches, ranging from regular redrafting to comprehensive changes or amendments. Amendments complementary informal plans are...

This paper reports on the culmination of a two year project to facilitate “smart growth” planning in the Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan area. Using a group model building process, representatives of key municipal entities and resource management agencies developed a model for examining the potential effects of changes in land use and transportation planning on air quality, traffic congestion, a...

land use planning is the main core of urban planning and one of the main components of an urban system. this element has close relation with transportation system of the city, so if their interaction becomes insufficient, deterioration and chaos would have an adverse impact on the urban system and would cause serious environmental issues. the integrated land use-transportation models seem to b...

â  regional and urban planning instruments contain an extensive range of concepts and methods. these methods are important for understanding the complex identity of cities and the prediction of their future. today majority of planners and urban planning authorities believe that the use of these methods can help us to better understand urban systems and predict their behavior. in this regard the...

Rising complexities and uncertainties have emphasized the need to employ scenario thinking in urban design planning. While different methods been widely used across disciplines, a comprehensive review of approaches planning literature is limited. Thus, we provide an overview scenarios existing currently practice. We also building process guide for developing context The highlights steps that co...

We present some techniques for planning in temporal domains specified with the recent standard languange PDDL2.1. These techniques are implemented in LPG, a fully-automated system that took part in the third International Planning Competition (Toulouse, 2002) showing excellent performance. The planner is based on a stochastic local search method and on a graph-based representation called “Tempo...