Instructive influence of environment on heredity has been a debated topic for centuries. Darwin's identification of natural selection coupled to chance variation as the driving force for evolution, against a formal interpretation proposed by Lamarck, convinced most scientists that environment does not specifically instruct evolution in an oriented direction. This is true for multicellular organ...

An object's perceived readiness-for-action (e.g., its size, the degree of rotation from its canonical position, the user's viewpoint) can influence semantic knowledge retrieval. Yet, the organization of object knowledge may also be affected by body-specific sensorimotor experiences. Here, we investigated whether people's history of performing motor actions with their hands influences the knowle...

Traffic engineering broadly relates to optimization of the operational performance of a network. This survey discusses techniques like multi-path routing, traffic splitting, constraint-based routing, path-protection etc. that are used for traffic engineering in contemporary Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks. These techniques can be classified under two broad classes, connectionless and c...

In this paper, a mixed duopoly model is used to explain how ownership structure influences the innovation performances of firms. A three stage-game adopted in study. first stage, firms make R&D expenditure which leads profit increasing; second choose level technological improvement they would like share with rival; and production quantity will be decided final stage. The theory explains tha...

one of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. in this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. in an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. for the procedural semantics, we can write a ...

appearance of nationalism in each country is influenced by some social , religious and political factors throughout the history of that country in iranian contemporary history, this process has also been dependent upon opinions and thoughts of some of the nationalist intellectuals and modernists their intellectual products played an important role in various social , intellectual and even artis...

the present study investigated the use of interactive metadiscourse resources (imrs) in terms of appropriacy during a process- based writing course by applying qualitative and exploratory methods. moreover, learners' perception was investigated to find out how confident they felt as they were writing and rewriting the drafts. 30 intermediate efl learners were chosen to participate in this study...

Controlled fire use for hunting, gathering, smallholder agriculture and pastoralism shapes ecologies enhances livelihoods worldwide. Yet, at global scale, we know little about how these practices influence human well-being, wildfire risk. As a basis syntheses, collated information from the literature in 587 case study locations spanning globe. Here, assess coverage completeness of data. Limited...