OBJECTIVE This study aims to compare liver function indices (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and gamma glutamyl transferase [GGT]) among males who work with lead, organic solvents, or both lead and organic solvents, under the permissible exposure limit (PEL). METHODS A total of 593 (out of 2,218) male workers who agreed to share their personal health informat...

Solvent-less organic fluids are a new class of functional soft materials. Here the available fluid matrix makes it equally competitive with the solvent assisted systems. In this Perspective, the ways in which organic fluids challenge the established and accepted paradigms is highlighted. In general, fundamental properties such as photoisomerization, energy/electron transfer, photon upconversion...

poorly water-soluble drugs often suffer from limited or irreproducible clinical response due to their low solubility and dissolution rate. in this study, organic solvent-free solid dispersions (osf-sds) containing telmisartan (tel) were prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone k30 (pvp k30) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg 6000) as hydrophilic polymers, sodium hydroxide (naoh) as an alkalizer, and ...

Water-based polymer nanoparticle dispersions (solar paint) offer the prospect of addressing two of the main challenges associated with printing large area organic photovoltaic devices; namely, how to control the nanoscale architecture of the active layer and eliminate the need for hazardous organic solvents during device fabrication. In this paper, we review progress in the field of nanoparticu...

The understanding of the gaseous adsorption process and the parameters of volatile organic compounds such as organic solvents or fuels onto soils is very important in the analysis of the transport or fate of these chemicals in soils. Batch adsorption experiments with six different treatments were conducted to determine the adsorption of isohexane, a gaseous aliphatic, onto volcanic ash soil (Ta...

The ability of a solute (inorganic or organic) to distribute itself between an aqueous solution and an immiscible organic solvent has long been applied to separation and purification of solutes either by extraction into the organic phase, leaving undesirable substances in the aqueous phase; or by extraction of the undesirable substances into the organic phase, leaving the desirable solute in th...

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, KK-211, isolated by the long-term bioprocess of stereoselective reduction in isooctane, showed extremely high tolerance to the solvent, which is toxic to yeast cells, but, in comparison with its wild-type parent, DY-1, showed low tolerance to hydrophilic organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol. In order to detect the isooctane tolerance-associ...

In desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) the interaction between the electrospray and the surface is key to two important analytical parameters, the spatial resolution and the sensitivity. We evaluate the effect of the electrospray solvent type, organic solvent fraction with water, analyte solubility and substrate wettability on DESI erosion diameter and material transferral into useful ion...