two experiments were conducted to evaluate the crude protein fractionation, in vitro gas production and the biological effects of tannins in alfalfa silage treated with different levels of pistachio by-products (pb) extract. pb was soaked in water with a ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for 12 h. after filtering and concentrating, the crude extract was added to fresh alfalfa to a final concentration of 1%, 2...

[1] Submicron atmospheric aerosol particles were collected between 1 March 2008 and 1 March 2009 at Barrow, Alaska, to characterize the organic mass (OM) in the Arctic aerosol. Organic functional group concentrations and trace metals were measured with FTIR on submicron particles collected on Teflon filters. The OM varied from 0.07 mg m in summer to 0.43 mg m in winter, and 0.35 mg m in spring,...

Responses of detrital pathways to nutrients may differ fundamentally from pathways involving living plants: basal carbon resources can potentially decrease rather than increase with nutrient enrichment. Despite the potential for nutrients to accelerate heterotrophic processes and fluxes of detritus, few studies have examined detritus-nutrient dynamics at whole-ecosystem scales. We quantified or...

The aim of this research is to compare indigestible internal markers acid insoluble ash (AIA) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) and total collection of faeces (TCF) for apparent digestibility estimation in Caspian horse. Analyses were carried out on wheat straw, alfalfa, barley and maize, for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (ND...

Traffic is a major source of anthropogenic aerosol in urban atmosphere. In this study, particles were measured with TEM-EDX system at the roadside main road northwestern part Beijing, China, under clear and hazy conditions. Soot, organic, sulfur-rich (S-rich), mineral, metal particles, as well mixtures, frequently encountered aerosols. Under conditions, S-rich coated organic matter (S-OM partic...

Organic matter (OM) type critically controls the hydrocarbon generation potential and organic pore development in black shales. However, maceral variation lacustrine shales its control on are not yet well understood. In this study, 15 Chang 7 Member shale samples of Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, were investigated with petrography, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, a scanning electron microscope to study ...

Environmental iron-organic matter (Fe-OM) aggregates play a major role in the dynamic of pollutants. Nowadays, there is lack information about control exerted by their structural organization on reactivity towards metal(loid)s and particular, impact ions, such as calcium. The sorption capacity mimetic environmental Fe-OM-Ca was investigated relative to Fe/organic carbon (OC) Ca/Fe ratios using ...

The priming effect (PE) is a complex phenomenon which describes a modification (acceleration or retardation) in the mineralisation rate of refractory organic matter (OM) following inputs of labile material. PEs are well-studied in terrestrial ecosystems owing to their potential importance in the evolution of soil carbon stocks but have been largely ignored in aquatic systems despite the fact th...

Shanghai, with a population of over 20 million, is the largest mega-city in China. Rapidly increasing industrial and metropolitan emissions have deteriorated its air quality in the past decades, with fine particle pollution as one of the major issues. However, systematic characterization of atmospheric fine particles with advanced measurement techniques has been very scarce in Shanghai. During ...

Ammonium nitrate and several organic compounds such as dicarboxylic acids (e.g. succinic acid, glutaric acid), some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) or some n-alkanes are semi-volatile. The transition of these compounds between the gas and particulate phase may significantly change the aerosol particles radiative properties, the heterogeneous chemical properties, and, naturally, the total...