The purpose of this study was to correlate the modulation complexity score (MCS) with organ location and to predict potential dose errors for organs before beam delivery for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dosimetry. Sixteen head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT were selected. Distribution of the relative dose error on each beam was performed using forward projection to t...

PURPOSE Increasing interest in immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) studies requires development of dosimetry methods which will provide accurate estimations of organ absorbed doses. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate simplified dosimetry approaches for (89)Zirconium-PET (Zr-PET)/computed tomography (CT) studies. METHODS Five patients with advanced colorectal cancer rec...

PURPOSE To estimate organ and effective radiation doses due to backscatter security scanners using Monte Carlo simulations and a voxelized phantom set. METHODS Voxelized phantoms of male and female adults and children were used with the GEANT4 toolkit to simulate a backscatter security scan. The backscatter system was modeled based on specifications available in the literature. The simulation...

Organ injuries caused by environmental chemical exposures or use of pharmaceutical drugs pose a serious health risk that may be difficult to assess because of a lack of non-invasive diagnostic tests. Mapping chemical injuries to organ-specific histopathology outcomes via biomarkers will provide a foundation for designing precise and robust diagnostic tests. We identified co-expressed genes (mod...

The calculation of absorbed dose from internally incorporated radionuclides is based on the so-called specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) which represent the fraction of energy emitted in a given source region that is absorbed per unit mass in a specific target organ. Until recently, photon SAFs were calculated using MIRD-type mathematical phantoms. For electrons, the energy released was assumed...

in this study, we investigate the immunostimulatory effects of alcoholic extract of the coffee seed on cell-mediated immune response andcyclophosphamide-induced (cp) immunosuppressed mice. the assessment of cellular immune function was carried out by the measurement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response. according to the literature survey, cyclophosphamide has only suppressing effect ...

This study was conducted to obtain acute information of the oral dose toxicity of DHU001, a polyherbal formula in male and female mice. In order to calculated 50% lethal dose (LD50) and approximate lethal dose (LD) , test material was once orally administered to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 0 (vehicle control) ml/kg (body weight) . The mortality and change...

Current estimation of radiation dose from computed tomography (CT) scans on patients has relied on the measurement of Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) in standard cylindrical phantoms, and calculations based on mathematical representations of "standard man". Radiation dose to both adult and pediatric patients from a CT scan has been a concern, as noted in recent reports. The purpose of thi...

Background: Inclusion of inhomogeneity corrections in intensity modulated small fields always makes conformal irradiation of lung tumor very complicated in accurate dose delivery.Objective: In the present study, the performance of five algorithms via Monte Carlo, Pencil Beam, Convolution, Fast Superposition and Superposition were evaluated in lung cancer Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy plannin...

BACKGROUND To investigate the role of radiotherapy (RT) in and to suggest radiotherapeutic strategies for patients presenting with disseminated cervical cancer. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 50 patients diagnosed as the disseminated cervical cancer with distant lymph nodal or visceral organ metastasis between September 1980 and August 2012. Patients were divided into two subgroups accor...