The goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara (Epinephelidae) is an exceptionally large marine fish that inhabits sub-tropical and tropical waters of the Americas and western Africa. Due to a lack of readily observable morphological variation in specimens across its range, the goliath grouper has been regarded as a single species. We tested the hypothesis that Pacific and West Atlantic populations co...

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between melatonin and reproductive mechanism of farmed female red-spotted groupers, Epinephelus akaara. Through cycle experiment, sexual maturity period was determined be from June July, following which spawning season occurred in August. In addition, kiss1, kiss2, GPR54 mRNA expression levels peaked January, whereas that sbGnRH remained at high J...

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an important economic fish that seriously threatened by various viruses. A cell line designated as ASF derived from the caudal fin tissue of was established and characterized in this study. cells grew well Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) containing 20% fetal bovine serum at 20°C. DNA sequencing comparative analysis cytochrome B gene verified originated...

We observed the osteological development of larval and juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) in order to generate data for the assessment of skeletal deformities and to inform phylogenetic systematics research. Larvae and juveniles were obtained from a aquafarm in Muan-gun, Jeolla-namdo Province, Korea. The average water temperature at the time of breeding was 23.0°C and average wat...

Ages of yellowfin grouper (n = 306) from the southeastern United States coast from 1979-2014 were determined using sectioned sagittal otoliths. Opaque zones were annular, forming January-June (peaking in February-March). Yellowfin grouper ranged in age from 3 to 31 years; the largest fish measured 1,000 mm fork length (FL). Body size relationships for yellowfin grouper were: W = 1.22 × 10(-5) F...

In the south Sumatra region of Indonesia, tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, and humpbuck grouper, Cromileptes altivelis, are commercially important fish species. Recently, however, mass mortalities of the two species have occurred in the region and the cause of these mortalities has not been clarified. We surveyed the distribution of fish viruses including viral nervous necrosis virus (...

Reef fish spawning aggregations have gained distinction in terms of their importance in species conservation and their socio-economic contribution to many Caribbean, tropical western Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico fishing communities. With the near extinction of many spawning aggregations of large grouper and snapper throughout the Caribbean, Gulf, and tropical western Atlantic, it is essential t...