BACKGROUND How smokeless tobacco contributes to non-neoplastic oral diseases is unclear. It certainly increases risk of oral mucosal lesions, but reviewers disagree as to other conditions. In some areas, especially South-East Asia, risk is difficult to quantify due to the many products, compositions (including non-tobacco ingredients), and usage practices involved. This review considers studies...

CLP: cutaneous lichen planus DIF: direct immunofluorescence dsDNA: double-stranded DNA SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus OLP: oral lichen planus INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that can involve oral mucosal membranes in up to 45% of patients. Oral presentation is commonly described as erythema involving multiple oral sites. Oral ulceration is ...

The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. ABSTRACT www.scielo.br/jaos O bjectives: Oral cancer (OC) may be preceded by clinically evident oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process that begins DV HSLWKHOLDO K\SHUSODVLD DQG SURJUHVVHV WR RUDO HSLWKHOLDO G\VSODVLD DQG ¿...

Oral lesions indicative of biopsy represent unique presentation either in the form of proliferations/ulcerations of the squamous lining epithelium. These lesions have similar appearance clinically and histopathologically hence are excised for microscopic evaluation to rule out early or hidden malignancy. Verrucous mucosal lesions clinically present a diagnostic dilemma, which makes histopatholo...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus comprises an array of dysfunctions resulting in several soft tissue abnormalities in the oral cavity. These include gingivitis periodontitis, salivary dysfunction, taste dysfunction, oral fungal and bacterial infections, geographic tongue, benign migratory glossitis, fissured tongue, traumatic ulcer, lichen planus, angular cheilitis, delayed mucosal healing, dental root...

A definitive diagnosis is crucial for management of any oral mucosal disease. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is a valuable diagnostic aid for immune-mediated blistering diseases and systemic connective tissue diseases of the skin and the mucosa. This paper gives an overview of the DIF biopsy technique for oral lesions and provides a background for the clinician to optimize the utilization of D...