introduction: functional gastrointestinal disorders (fgid) are non-fatal, unknown etiology disorders with absence of a structural or biochemical explanation and accounting for up to 50% of gastroenterology referrals. infant regurgitation, rumination and cyclic vomiting constitute the vomiting disorders. abdominal pain disorders are classified as: functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (...

the goals of post-transplant management are to manage and treat postoperative complications, and develop a balanced long-term immunotherapy regimen that minimizes infection and side effects but controls rejection. while modern immunosuppressant regimes have reduced rates of graft loss due to rejection, they impart major risks for infection, growth failure, metabolic complications, and malignanc...

introduction: oral manifestations can be the first signs of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) and a useful marker for the progression of this disease. the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral manifestations and examine their relationship with socio-demographic factors in hiv-positive patients in the health centers affiliated to zahedan...

statement of the problem assessment of tooth caries rate, especially in high-risk portion of the society, is important in order to plan appropriate preventive protocols purpose the aim of the present study was to determine dental caries prevalence in 13‒19-year-old iranian students using two different caries indicators, including dmft and sic index. materials and methods a total of 398 students...

Introduction: It is important that oral hygiene be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease. There are lot of changes in lifestyle and food consumption patterns during the muslim fasting of 30 days during month of Ramadan. This study focuses to find the oral hygiene practices and perceptions of fasting individuals. Methods: A questi...

Background Pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome – 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a major global health issue since December 2019. Patients affected systemic rheumatic disorders represent high-risk group for COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination one cornerstones fight against this disease. The EULAR and ACR recommend in all patien...

statement of problem: candidal colonies make up a part of natural oral flora and are considered as predisposing factors for opportunistic infections. since hemodialysis leads to body immune suppression and make patients susceptible to opportunistic infections, it is useful to investigate the relationship between hemodialysis and such infections.purpose: the aim of the present research was to st...

autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic hepatitis that occurs in children and adults of all ages. diagnosis is based upon characteristic serologic and histologic findings and the exclusion of other forms of chronic liver disease. guidelines issued by the aasld suggest the following diagnostic considerations: the diagnosis should be made in patients with compatible clinical signs, symptoms, and labora...

prebiotic: a nondigestible food ingredient that benefits the host by selectively stimulating the favorable growth and/ or activity of 1 or more indigenous prebiotic bacteria. prebiotics can modify the intestinal flora and interact with the immune system of the host against specific pathogens. however clinical trials are currently limited and a beneficial effect of prebiotic in treatment acute d...