robot to mass (with friction) Force in, velocity out causality Ewoud Vos 6 Mass Impedance Legged robot controller Fig. 1: Abstraction of a legged robot to an omni-directional moving mass that can then, for instance, be controlled by an impedance controller. Fig. 1. This scheme requires a gait controller that ensures that the legs move to support the motion of the robot. The gait generator as pr...

Skeletal muscle exhibits broad functional diversity, despite its inherent length and velocity constraints. The observed variation in morphology and physiology is assumed to have evolved to allow muscle to operate at its optimal length and velocity during locomotion. Here, we used the variation in optimum lengths and velocities that occurs with muscle activation level to experimentally test this...

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is one of the most important catalytic reactions that convert the synthetic gas to light and heavy hydrocarbons. One of the main issues is selecting the type of reactor. The slurry bubble reactor is suitable choice for FischerTropsch synthesis because of its good qualification to transfer heat and mass, high durability of catalyst, low cost maintenance and repair. The ...

This paper focuses on the collision-free coordination of multiple robots with kinodynamic constraints along specified paths. We present an approach to generate continuous velocity profiles for multiple robots; these velocity profiles satisfy the dynamics constraints, avoid collisions, and minimize the completion time. The approach, which combines techniques from optimal control and mathematical...

The flow of nanofluids through a porous medium is considered the optimum method for convective heat transfer. In this study, nanofluid in pipe with Navier slip investigated. Two water-based nanofluids, Copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3), were considered. governing equation presented non-dimensionalization has been done momentum energy equations, initial boundary conditions, skin friction, Nusselt ...

The force-velocity and series elastic characteristics of vascular strips from the media of hog carotid arteries were determined using the method of quick release to a known afterload. Shortening velocity was a function of load, and the data could be fitted by a rectangular hyperbola using the Hill equation, (P + a) V = b (Po P), where P is the load, Pois the maximum isometric force developed at...

Quantifying turbulence velocity fluctuation is important because it indicates the fluid energy dissipation of the blood flow, which is closely related to the pressure drop along the blood vessel. This study aims to evaluate the effects of scan parameters and the target vessel size of 4D phase-contrast (PC)-MRI on quantification of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Comprehensive 4D PC-MRI measurem...