In the Internet thousands of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) exchange traffic according to their commercial agreements. ISPs are usually thought as organized in a hierarchy with the most important at the top. The peculiar business model of the Internet make paths that traverse higher levels of the hierarchy more expensive than paths that traverse only lower levels. To visually represent routi...

The recruitment of FANCM, a conserved DNA translocase and key component of several DNA repair protein complexes, to replication forks stalled by DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) is a step upstream of the Fanconi anemia (FA) repair and replication traverse pathways of ICLs. However, detection of the FANCM recruitment has been technically challenging so that its mechanism remains exclusive. Here...

Classical network-formation games are played on a directed graph. Players have reachability objectives, and each player has to select a path satisfying his objective. Edges are associated with costs, and when several players use the same edge, they evenly share its cost. The theoretical and practical aspects of network-formation games have been extensively studied and are well understood. We in...

In this research, the effects of parameters include tool rotational and traverse speeds were investigated on heat generation and material flow during friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. Simulation results showed that with increasing of tool rotational and decreasing tool traverse speed, the more frictional heat generates which causes formatio...

After treatment of Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) with various protocols for synchrony induction, the subsequent ability of cells to traverse the cell cycle (i e., to perform, an essential cell cycle process) has been determined by measurement of the DNA distribution pattern among cells in large populations with the Los Alamos flow microfluorometer In the cultures prepared by the various sync...

"An ethical objection is raised against the Blackorby-Donaldson criterion of optimum population maximizing the sum total of utilities in excess of some critical level, since it may disprefer a social state with more people and with more worthwhile lives. However, the criterion may serve as a practicably reasonable compromise between maximizing total and average utility. Nevertheless, an alter...

FANCM is a highly conserved DNA remodeling enzyme that promotes the activation of the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway and facilitates replication traverse of DNA interstrand crosslinks. However, how FANCM interacts with the replication machinery to promote traverse remains unclear. Here, we show that FANCM and its archaeal homolog Hef from Thermoplasma acidophilum interact with proliferating ...

In this paper I draw on research on the role of objects in cross-disciplinary problem solving collaboration to make a case for the conceptualisation of models as potential boundary objects. Such conceptualisation highlights the possibility that the models used in Soft OR interventions perform three roles with specific effects: transfer to develop a shared language, translation to develop shared...

In this paper we consider the problem of constructing optimal highways. For two points p and q in the plane, a line h—the highway—and a real v > 1, we define the travel time (also known as the City distance) from p and q to be the time needed to traverse a quickest path from p to q, where distances are measured in the Manhattan (i.e. the L1-) metric, and the speed on h is v and elsewhere 1. Giv...