This paper studies hydrogels created by photopolymerization with a uniform beam of light. Under some conditions the density profiles of the resulting hydrogels were uniform cylinders, mirroring the illumination profiles. However, under other conditions, gels with hollow cylindrical shapes were formed. We studied the photopolymerization of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAAM), a hydrogel that ha...

A high frequency ultrasonic technique has been developed to monitor photoresist processing in situ during semiconductor manufacturing. Photoresist pre-exposure bake and development have been monitored using the sensor, and the post-exposure bake has been studied as well. The in situ glass transition temperature (Tg ) was determined during the prebake for I-line films down to O.6im as well as fo...

BACKGROUND Liquid bead microarray antibody (LBMA) assays are used to assess pathogen-cancer associations. However, studies analyze LBMA data differently, limiting comparability. METHODS We generated 10,000 Monte Carlo-type simulations of log-normal antibody distributions (exposure) with 200 cases and 200 controls (outcome). We estimated type I error rates, statistical power, and bias associat...

A novel method based on MLE–OED is proposed for unsupervised image segmentation of multiple objects with fuzzy edges. It adjusts the parameters of a mixture of Gaussian distributions via minimizing a new loss function. The loss function consists of two terms: a local content fitting term, which optimizes the entropy distribution, and a global statistical fitting term, which maximizes the likeli...

In this paper the boundary conditions for point defect distributions in monocrystalline silicon are investigated. These boundary conditions are established by simple thermodynamic considerations. A circle process is used including vacancy, interstitial and Frenkel pair generation which yields a simple relationship between the vacancy and interstitial equilibrium concentrations at the surface. A...

Experimental design for cellular networks based on sensitivity analysis is studied in this work. Both optimal and robust experimental design strategies are developed for the IκBNF-κB signal transduction model. Based on local sensitivity analysis, the initial IKK intensity is calculated using an optimal experimental design process, and several scalarization measures of the Fisher information mat...