this paper addresses the problem of the fractional sliding mode control (fsmc) for a mems optical switch. the proposed scheme utilizes a fractional sliding surface to describe dynamic behavior of the system in the sliding mode stage. after a comparison with the classical integer-order counterpart, it is seen that the control system with the proposed sliding surface displays better transient per...

An optical CDMA (code division multiple access) system for the optical data storage using bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is reported as an application of the BR materials. The desired signal of multiple input can be recorded and reconstructed by use of orthogonal codes. An experimental setup is proposed and demonstrated.

background & objective: reduced blood flow due to obstruction in most cases is as a primary factor in pressure ulcer formation and create of bedsore. the aim of this study is design and manufacture a care system tissue under pressure based on variation blood flow at different depths in the tissue. material & methods: in manufacture of system two infrared light transmitter were located between o...

Objectives: In this article, a new procedure for increasing the light penetration depth in a tissue is studied and simulated. It has been reported that the most important problem in biomedical optical imaging relates to the light penetration depth, and so this makes a dramatic restriction on its applications. In the optical imaging method, the detection of the backscattered pho...