Absorption and luminescence spectra and optical amplification in bismuth-doped germanate silicate glass were investigated. Two kinds of bismuth ion valence states could exist in the glass. One is Bi2+, which has shown red luminescence, another might be Bi+, which is the active center for infrared luminescence. The infrared luminescence excited at 700, 800, and 980 nm should be ascribed to the e...

A picoliter solution dispenser was used to fabricate various n-type BiVO4 based photocatalyst arrays having different compositions and a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique modified by replacing a normal ultramicroelectrode with an optical fiber was used for fast screening of the effective photocatalysts for Na2SO3 (as a sacrificial reductant) and water oxidation. Bi/V/W oxide ...

In this paper, we investigate the problem of routing and wavelength assignment as well as the problem of the placement of wavelength converters in all-optical networks. In particular, we present a general framework, based on the blocking island (BI) paradigm, to illustrate how it can be used to solve these problems in a unified way. We first give a brief introduction about the BI graph network ...

This chapter presents a set of findings about the dynamics of bi-stable alternations in the perception of plaids. A plaid is a pattern comprised of two superimposed gratings. When the plaid is set in motion, it becomes an ambiguous stimulus: it can be seen as one pattern moving in a single direction (“coherency”), or as two gratings, each moving in different directions with one sliding over the...

Mono-, bi-, and multimorphs are poled electrets with +/0, +/-, and more complicated alternatingpolarity dipole-orientation patterns, respectively. Because of their unusual macroscopic piezoand pyroelectrical as well as nonlinear optical properties, such structures are of particular interest for special transducer and optical waveguide applications. In this contribution, the preparation of such ...

Photocatalyst arrays of a number of metal oxides were prepared by dispensing metal precursor solutions onto fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass followed by annealing at 500 °C for 3 h. These were screened by scanning electrochemical microscopy with a scanning optical fiber, and the results showed that all Sn-doped Cd-In-Bi, Zn-In, and W-Cd oxide photocatalysts produced enhanced photocurrents ...

bacteriorhodopsin (br) is the light harvesting and photoactive proton pump found in the membrane of a salt marsh bacteria. this protein has significant potential to use in optical computing and memory devices due to unique intrinsic physical properties of photo and bioelectric. all these features make br one of the most promising protein candidates in protein memories. protein memory is a kind ...

The XYZ micropositioning stages are perhaps the most commonly used components in free-space optical systems built on laboratory optical benches. They are extensively used to position optical elements, perform optical alignment, or fine-tune optical circuits. Such optical systems, however, are bulky and difficult to integrate with conventional technologies. The micromachining technology has been...

INTRODUCTION Accidental hypothermia is a condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hypothermia has been reported to affect left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. However, most of the data come from animal experimental studies. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of severe accidental hypothermia on systolic and diastolic ve...

AIM Chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) treatment showed lipid lowering effects in rats and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) promotion in mice, suggested that COS might be a potential atheroprotective material. In this study, we investigated the effects of COS treatment on atherosclerosis (AS) in apolipoprotein E deficient mice (apoE-/-). METHODS After feeding high fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks w...