This article deals with the relationship between opium revenue farming and the development of capitalist enterprises in Southeast Asia. It examines the role which opium played in the transformation of all Asian economies during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. While few would deny that the unprecedented expansion of the opium trade by European traders had a major, usually destructi...

BACKGROUND Drug abuse is a major public health problem. Some believe that when dissociation fails to defend against emotional, physical, or sexual trauma, the person will find relief from unpleasant thoughts and emotions in opium use. On the other hand, personality disorders are considered as important predictors of treatment outcomes in drug abusers. Due to lack of adequate research in this re...

Pain is an unpleasant sensation that originates from ongoing or impending tissue damage. Management of different types of pain (acute, postoperative, inflammatory, neuropathic cancer) is challenging and yet the most frequent issue encountered by clinicians. Pharmacological therapy is the first line of approach for the treatment of pain and opioid drugs are prescribed for acute and chronic pain ...

Background: Today, the society’s need to find the roots of a few thousand-year old substance abuse and the drugs addiction crisis has increased to the extent that it has become a problem within our country. The problem of substance dependence is not only about drug abuse, but it is actually the interrelationship of the person and the dependency on drugs. This study aimed to compare early malada...

In this slender volume, Dr Harding has set himself the task of explaining how a moral condemnation ofopium use arose in Britain in the latter halfofthe nineteenth century, only to be supplanted by a medical concept of drug addiction as a pathological disease. He claims that he has diverged from "conventional histories" and, guided methodologically by Michel Foucault, has "tried to describe the ...

Drawing on long-term fieldwork in Badakhshan, a borderland province the northeast of Afghanistan, paper explores role that opium poppy cultivation has played marginal high-altitude economy. Framed by analytic ‘narco-frontiers’ and puzzle persistence small farmers uneven agrarian transitions, investigates diversity market non-market institutions operate across means production opium. Rather than...

The author has successfully utilized diphosphopyridine nucleotide, in its oxidized form (hereafter abbreviated to DPN) in the prevention, alleviation and removal of the acute and chronic symptoms of drug addiction. The forms of addiction which have responded successfully in a dramatic manner to this coenzyme therapy by total, immediate and permanent discontinuance to-date are as follows: heroin...