The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of a broad range of maternal feeding practices in predicting parental reports of food avoidance eating behaviours in young children, after controlling for child temperament, and maternal dietary restraint which have previously been associated with feeding problems. One hundred and eight mothers of children aged between 2-6 years completed se...

Objective Some lines of evidences demonstrate that opioids are involved in water and food intake. On the other hand the dopaminergic mesolimbic system that consists of ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex is considered to be crucial in the rewarding actions of opiates. There are also reports showing that this system has some roles in appetite and dr...

Hyperactivity of noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons following withdrawal from chronic opiates has been implicated in the opiate withdrawal syndrome. Here, we report that local withdrawal induced in vivo by microinfusion of an opiate antagonist into the LC of morphine-dependent rats marginally, but significantly, activated LC neurons above the level obtained with local naloxone microinfu...

Hydroxy-benzodiazepines and opiates are metabolized through glucuronidation which is the predominant pathway in the clearance mechanism of exogenous and endogenous substances during phase II-metabolism. The reaction is catalyzed by uridine-diphosphoglucuronyltransferases (UGTs) [1]. The presented work is motivated by the fact that the combination of benzodiazepines and opiates is common both in...

Low doses of opiate drugs are known to produce behavioral excitation in many species (Kreuger, Eddy & Sumwalt; 1941). In rodents this activation response generally includes increased rearing and ambulation (Fog, 1970; Norton, 1977). We wish to call attention to a novel interpretation of previous findings, i.e. that the activation due to opiates reflects exploration, and that this might imply th...

Prenatal substance abuse continues to be a significant problem in this country and poses important health risks for the developing fetus. The primary care pediatrician's role in addressing prenatal substance exposure includes prevention, identification of exposure, recognition of medical issues for the exposed newborn infant, protection of the infant, and follow-up of the exposed infant. This r...

Essential practice points from this article Part I of this article ( issue 4) identified the things drug users and others do or don’t do which affect the risk of overdose, and the influences which make these behaviours more or less likely. Key conclusion: overdose deaths are avoidable: rarely is taking heroin or taking a high dose the sole cause. Other factors turn potential risk into reality, ...

The discovery of endogenous opiates in 1975 (1) generated considerable research concerning the effects of exercise on the release of these peptides, particularly on -endorphin, which represents the main focus of this chapter. Previous research considered changes in peripheral blood concentrations induced by different modes of physical activity, influences of training status on the secretion of ...