A great part of the population that is operated has to wait a long time to access the surgical procedure, and as time elapses the condition of these patients degenerates. On the other hand, the amount of time during which operating rooms are idle is signi cant. Thus, optimizing the operating theater becomes important to reduce the time patients wait for their treatment and to avoid unnecessary ...

Inspired by the concept of multivalency in living systems, two mechanically interlocked molecules have been conceived that incorporate not once or twice but thrice the features of a pH-switchable [2]rotaxane with two orthogonal recognition sites for dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8), and 2,3-dinaphtho[24]crown-8 (DN24C8)-one a dialkylammonium ion (CH(2)NH(2)(+)CH(2)) and the other a bipyridinium dica...

Many modern systems, including web servers, database engines, and operating system kernels, are using language-based protection mechanisms to provide the safety and integrity traditionally supplied by hardware. As these language-based systems become used in more demanding situations, they are faced with the same problems that traditional operating systems have solved—namely shared resource mana...

Gillespie and colleagues have reported on their structured observations in operating rooms to help us understand which factors (interruptions, communication failures, team familiarity and the unpredictability of unplanned cases) prolong the length of an operation and lead to inefficiency and increased costs. All of us feel intuitively that a well-orchestrated operation is best for everyone invo...

To the Editor:—We read with interest the article by Smith et al., and we congratulate the authors on increasing both major joint arthroplasty throughput and profitability by implementing a parallel processing system. In their model, the authors describe the anesthesia induction room as either an “underutilized operating room (OR)” or “a shared induction area bed space.” If at all possible, howe...

This paper reviews the concepts and mechanisms used to improve security in general purpose operating systems. The evolution from makrokernels to microkernels is illustrated, showing different approaches to achieve not only (more) secure but also practical platforms for legacy software applications. The ultimate method of proving correctness by formal verification is revisited. A real-world mikr...

Recent advances in network and workstation performance have made clustered computer systems an attractive solution for variable workloads, and both sequential and parallel applications. However, although the hardware is available to construct these distributed systems, rendering the system usable from an operators point of view is still an issue. The problem lies in that single computer operati...

examples and a formal definition are given later. As might be anticipated, the notion ofspatial relations is fundamental to the understanding ofgeometry, now regarded not as the study of 'geometrical objects' but of the relations between those objects. The point was made forcibly by the German mathematician David Hilbert, who allegedly said that the words 'point', 'line' and 'plane' could be re...

The operating room (OR) department of a hospital forms the heart of the organization, where the single largest cost is incurred. This document presents and reports on the “Operating Room Manager Game”, developed to give insight into managing a large hospital’s OR department at various levels of control, and the difficulties of applying OR/MS techniques in healthcare. The players take on the rol...