ZnO nanorods were grown on a silver-coated tip of a borosilicate glass capillary (0.7 μm in tip diameter) and used as selective potentiometric sensor of intracellular free Mg(2+). To functionalize the ZnO nanorods for selectivity of Mg(2+), a polymeric membrane with Mg(2+)-selective ionophores were coated on the surface of the ZnO nanorods. These functionalized ZnO nanorods exhibited a Mg(2+)-d...

introduction: genital system is important herd in animal's creation. it is necessary for animal reproduction. mammal has two sex in genital system such as male and female in separated animals. animal reproduction destroyed by disorder of genital system. in this case, animals cannot produce an animal similar to them. finally it cause overthrow a species of animals. methods: histomorphologic...

This study was undertaken to evaluate fertilization and early embryo development of in vitro matured (IVM) horse oocytes following transfer with homologous sperm to the oviduct of estrous ewes. A total of 1023 follicles (5.1 per ovary) were found after processing 202 slaughterhouse ovaries by aspiration and subsequent slicing. Most follicles (79%) were less than 20-mm in diameter. Six hundred s...

In the last few years, several works suggest that Growth Hormone (GH) is involved in follicular development and oocyte maturation. These actions may reflect endocrine roles of pituitary GH and also account for local autocrine or paracrine activities of GH produced in reproductive tissue. This study was aimed to verify whether the developmental competence of bovine female gametes might be relate...

background: oocyte cryopreservation is one of the most important topics in the field of assisted reproductive technology to preserve women fertility, but relationship between cryopreservation and apoptosis is still a matter of debate. the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of vitrification on apoptosis in mouse oocytes by cryotop method. method: a total of 200 germinal vesicle (...

background: despite the large number of papers published on the efficiency of different exogenous gonadotropins, no confirmed protocol exists. therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of 4 exogenous gonadotropins in ivf/icsi cycles. methods: this study, performed from january 2014 to may 2014, recruited 160 women referred to ghadir mother and child hospital and dena h...

Objectives: It was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and activin A on the growth and maturation of preantral mouse follicles during the in vitro culture. Methods: Preantral follicles (90-100 µm in diameter) were harvested from 6-8 week-old Syrian mice and cultured in TCM199 culture medium for 6 days to see the effect of FSH and Activin A...

Breakdown of the nuclear envelope (NE) was analyzed in live starfish oocytes using a size series of fluorescently labeled dextrans, membrane dyes, and GFP-tagged proteins of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and the nuclear lamina. Permeabilization of the nucleus occurred in two sequential phases. In phase I the NE became increasingly permeable for molecules up to approximately 40 nm in diameter, ...

BACKGROUND The growth pattern of the smallest ovarian follicles in humans is still incompletely documented. Using follicle hemispheres in thick histological sections, morphometric changes of primordial to primary follicles and possible age-related effects were evaluated. METHODS In ovarian sections from 25 females aged 4-39 years a total of 1122 primordial, transitory or primary follicles wer...

background: in vitro maturation (ivm) of oocytes is a promising technique to reduce the costs and avert the side-effects of gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization (ivf). the pregnancy rates from oocytes matured in vitro are much lower than those of in vivo stimulation cycles, indicating that optimization of ivm remains a challenge. objective: in this study, we investigated the effe...