The great majority of superficial fungal infections are caused by dermatophytes, which belong to one of three genera (Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum), with T. rubrum being the most prominent cause of nail infection (Figure 1). Table 1 summarizes the prevalence of various superficial fungal infections in different geographic areas [1]. Among superficial fungal infections, by far t...

OBJECTIVE To establish and validate a new system to define the severity of onychomycosis. The Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI) score is obtained by multiplying the score for the area of involvement (range, 0-5) by the score for the proximity of disease to the matrix (range, 1-5). Ten points are added for the presence of a longitudinal streak or a patch (dermatophytoma) or for greater than 2 m...

BACKGROUND Distal and lateral onychomycoses are the most frequent forms of onychomycosis, causing subungual hyperkeratosis that usually limits local penetration of antimycotic drugs. Tazarotene exerts anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activities toward both infective agents and damaged keratinocytes. Given the well-documented efficacy of tazarotene on hyperkeratotic nail psoriasis, we inv...

Background and Purpose: Candida species are the most opportunistic fungi affecting the nails and resulting in onychomycosis. In this study, we identified and evaluated in-vitro susceptibility of the recovered isolates against fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VRC), and clotrimazole (CLT) using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 document. Materials and Method...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients undergoing surgical nail avulsion. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Two dermatology centres in Hong Kong. PATIENTS A total of 32 patients with nail diseases who underwent 33 nail avulsion procedures were reviewed from case records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age, gender, co-morbidities, disease duration,...

BACKGROUND Although dermatophytes are considered the major cause of onychomycosis, many reports have incriminated non-dermatophyte moulds and yeasts in the disease's etiology. Successive Trichosporon isolation from onychomycosis has led to the genus being suspected as a nail primary pathogen. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of Trichosporon isolation in onychomycosis patients who attende...

UNLABELLED The aim of the study was an analysis of correlation between mycological examination results and clinical features of changed toenails in patients that visited mycological laboratory due to suspected onychomycosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples of changed toenails were collected from 579 patients. From all that cases a precise patient's history was taken paying a special attention on...

PURPOSE To evaluate in-office dermatophyte test medium (DTM) culture as an alternative to traditional laboratory fungal culture for confirming a diagnosis of onychomycosis, and to determine the prevalence of dermatophytes as a cause of onychomycosis in patients not participating in a clinical trial. DESIGN This nationwide multicenter prospective study enrolled 1100 adult patients with suspect...

Onychomycosis, the common important infection caused by fungal pathogens. This infection was occur in the 50% of nail abnormalities. Psoriasis patients were found with these nail abnormalities including chronic inflammation and hyper proliferative skin conditions finally turns onychomycosis. To study the prevalence of fungal infection of nail in Psoriatic and Non-Psoriatic patients who attendin...