dried oleander leaves at single lethal dose of 110 mg/kg body weight were administered orally to fivenative female goats. clinical signs of toxicosis in goats began to appear about 1 hr after receiving theoleander and included abdominal pain, ruminal atony and tympany, frequent urination, bradycardia,tachycardia, tachyarrhythmia, depression, weakness and convulsive movement and death at the end...

during an investigation on cladosporium species associated with numerous substrates of various localities in iran during 2011-13, eight species including c. delicatulum, c. echinulatum, c. exile, c. macrocarpum, c. neriicola, c. pannosum, c. scabrellum and c. uredinicola were identified based on the morphological characters. all these species are new records for the iranian mycobiota, except fo...

Four major compounds were separated and identified from the methanol extracts of Nerium indicum flowers (Arali) using HPLC and mass spectral data. Through mass data, the chemical structures were elucidated as: trans5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), quercetin-3-O- rutinoside (2), luteolin-5-O-rutinoside (3) and luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (4). In addition, the cis isomers of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid in Ne...