as a native fermented dairy drink, doogh is an important industrial product in iran. however, its characteristics have not been completely evaluated. this study evaluated the flow behavior, particle size distribution and stability of non-fat doogh as affected by the row material employed (fresh skim milk or skim milk powder) and the total solids (ts) content of the final drink. the viscosity of...

Instant radiosity methods rely on using a large number of virtual point lights (VPLs) to approximate global illumination. Efficiency considerations require grouping the VPLs into a small number of clusters that are treated as individual lights with respect to each point to be shaded. Two examples of clustering algorithms are Lightcuts [WFA∗05] and LightSlice [OP11]. In this work we use the noti...

This paper presents some key features of the behavior and structure of three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers and separated flows that have been observed through experiments. These include the anisotropic nature of the eddy viscosity and the lags between the mean flow gradients and the turbulent stresses. These cases are rarely in equilibrium so lags between the production, diffusion, redi...

Plants and animals use plumes, barbs, tails, feathers, hairs and fins to aid locomotion. Many of these appendages are not actively controlled, instead they have to interact passively with the surrounding fluid to generate motion. Here, we use theory, experiments and numerical simulations to show that an object with a protrusion in a separated flow drifts sideways by exploiting a symmetry-breaki...

Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are environmentally resistant and can infect virtually all warm-blooded hosts, including humans and livestock. Little is known about the biochemical basis for this resistance of oocysts, and mechanism for excystation of T. gondii sporozoites. The objective of the present study was to evaluate different methods (mechanical fragmentation, gradients, flow cytometry) to se...

To improve the prediction accuracy of separated flow based on Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes model, model constants baseline stress are calibrated by ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation method. The in a diffuser is taken as object, and wall pressure coefficients used driving data. results show that method recalibrates easy to implement an effective separation regions predicted with defaul...