iranian oil buy back contract is a kind of service contract that foreign party carries out all operations in development or reconstruction of oil or gas field with its costs. in return, national iranian oil company obliges to compensate contractor all capital or non-capital costs necesserly by produced oil or gas from the same field. the energy charter treaty as the most perfect international t...

This paper describes the development of an image analysis system for wear particles found in industrial equipment lubricating oil. Hence, it was utilized an image acquisition system to capture image samples of the oil held in filter membranes. An analytical methodology was also developed to classify the particles quantitatively and qualitatively, relating them to the wear mode where they had be...

New lubricant which can dissolve with ammonia refrigerant was developed. PAG based oil was found to be dissolved with ammonia and to have fine stability. It contributes to realize maintenancefree refrigerating system because oil returning are possible. It also helps to reduce refrigerant amount because of improvement of thermal conductivity. Ammonia refrigerant will be focused more as an altern...

Cement production is an energy-intensive process, so that the cement industry occupies a top position among other energy-consuming industries. Among the equipment used in cement industries, boilers are one of the energy-consuming equipment. Boilers are among the common heating equipment in industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities. In this paper, the performance of thermal oil bo...

The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a highly destructive pest. Methods to control it are limited and alternatives are needed. Observations of cherry fruit flies suggest that females exert much effort to penetrate cherries at color change stage (from green to yellow) for oviposition. Therefore, the question arose as to whether a physical barrier on th...

Mercury naturally occurs in gas and oil deposits a wide range of concentrations covering six orders magnitude: up to 5 mg/m 3 natural 600 ppm (mg/kg) crude oil. hydrocarbons poses number technological environmental problems: contamination equipment products with this extremely toxic element, poisoning catalysts, initiates intensive corrosion equipment, thereby enhancing accident risk. Metal mer...

Oil-impregnated paper is widely used in power transmission equipment as a reliable insulation. However, copper sulphide deposition on oil-paper insulation can lead to insulation failures in power transformers. This paper presents the influences of copper sulfur corrosion and copper sulphide deposition on copper wires and oil-paper insulation in power transformers. Thermal aging tests of paper-w...

A new method for accurately determining stock-tank oil composition to normal pentatriacontane using gas chromatography is developed and validated. The new method addresses the potential errors associated with the traditional equipment and technique employed for extended hydrocarbon gas chromatography outside a controlled laboratory environment, such as on an offshore oil platform. In particular...

In allusion to the widespread anomalous data in substation primary equipment condition monitoring, this paper proposes an OPTICS (Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure) clustering-based condition monitoring anomalous data filtering algorithm. Through the characteristic analysis of historical primary equipment condition monitoring data, an anomalous data filtering mechanism was bu...

Rotating equipment is the beating heart of nearly all industrial plants and specifically plays a vital role in oil and power industries. In spite of all research which has been carried out so far to discover accurate dynamics of this kind of equipment, there are still many unknown and unexpected problems on operational sites which need to be solved in order to approach to the optimal operationa...