The terms petroleum, crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids each have precise scientific definitions. But appending the word resource to any of them creates a term that crosses the boundary between science and social science and includes economics. Many geologists begin to feel uncomfortable in this area between science and social science. Webster’s Dictionary defines a resource as “a n...

water is an essential yet constrained commodity for human communities and ecological systems depend on it. with population growth and economic development, water resource is increasingly declining. over the past two decades, because of changes in population and climate, and relative welfare increase, the per capita consumption of water has increased. thus, optimal use of available water resourc...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), as a system of allocative efficiency for global health programs, is an influential criterion for resource allocation in the context of diplomacy and inherent foreign policy decisions therein. This is because such programs have diplomatic benefits and costs that can be uploaded from the recipient and affect the broader foreign policy interests of the donor and ...

The inter-cell interference (ICI) problem in OFDMA wireless systems is a major impediment to attain high rates particularly for cell-edge users in reuse-1 systems. Using centralized resource allocation to combat ICI is not practical, particularly in heterogeneous networks (HetNets), as they require intensive signalling about interference and channel state information that may not always be prac...

We develop a bicriteria model for the resource allocation problem in PERT networks, in which the total direct costs of the project as the first objective, and the mean of project completion time as the second objective are minimized. The activity durations are assumed to be independent random variables with either exponential or Erlang distributions, in which the mean of each activity duration ...

Ultrasonic extraction of kerogen derived by acid treatment of Huadian oil shale is performed using an organic solvent. The most effective solvent is the 60:40 (wt%) mixture of chloroform and carbon disulfide, and the suitable mass ratio of the demineralized oil shale to solvent is 1:20. The oil yield by ultrasonic extraction can reach 15.6% based on the demineralized oil shale, compared with a ...