BACKGROUND Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) is the most widespread mycobacterial disease in the world after leprosy and tuberculosis. How M. ulcerans is introduced into the skin of humans remains unclear, but it appears that individuals living in the same environment may have different susceptibilities. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine whether frequent contacts with natura...

vahid khakyzadeh was born in hamedan, iran. he received his b.s. degree (pure chemistry) and m.s. degree (organic chemistry) from bu-ali sina university, hamedan, iran, at 2008, 2010 respectively under supervision of professor mohammad ali zolfigol. he is currently working on his ph. d. under the supervision of professor mohammad ali zolfigol in organic chemistry. among his recent awards, vahid...

Invasive punch or incisional skin biopsy specimens are currently employed for the bacteriological confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of Buruli ulcer (BU), a cutaneous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The efficacy of fine-needle aspirates (FNA) using fine-gauge needles (23G by 25 mm) for the laboratory confirmation of BU was compared with that of skin tissue fragments obt...

Shared bu€er switches do not su€er from head of line blocking which is a common problem in simple input bu€ering. Shared bu€er switches have previously been studied under uniform and unbalanced trac patterns. However, due to the complexity of the model, it was not possible to fully explore the performance of such a switch, in the presence of a single hot spot. In this paper, we develop a new m...

We study the problem of multi-stage zero skew clock tree construction for minimizing clock phase delay and wirelength. In existing approaches clock bu ers are inserted only after clock tree is constructed. The novelty of this paper lies in simultaneously perform clock tree routing and bu er insertion. We propose a clustering-based algorithm which uses shortest delay as the cost function. We sho...

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), an experimental treatment for certain cancers, destroys only cells near the boron; however, there is a need to develop highly specific delivery agents. As nucleic acid aptamers recognize specific molecular targets, we investigated the influence of boronated nucleotide analogs on RNA function and on the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichme...

In a previous paper [3], one of the authors, gave a worst-case analysis for the Early Packet Discard (EPD) technique for maintaining packet integrity during overload in ATM switches. This analysis showed that to ensure 100% goodput during overload under worst-case conditions, requires a bu er with enough storage for one maximum length packet from every active virtual circuit. This paper re nes ...

A variable bit rate source is modeled as a Markov modulated deterministic uid ow (MMDFF) process. Each state in the stationary discrete time Markov chain represents one of a nite number of deterministic messages of xed lengths and variable bit rates. At the user network interface this sequence is served at a constant bit rate with a bu er of xed length. The combined system forms a regenerative ...

In this paper we study the design issues for improving TCP performance over the ATM UBR service. ATM-UBR switches respond to congestion by dropping cells when their bu ers become full. TCP connections running over UBR can experience low throughput and high unfairness. Intelligent switch drop policies and end-system policies can improve the performance of TCP over UBR with limited bu ers. We des...

The reaction of [((t-Bu)ArO) 3tacn)U (III)] ( 1) with 4,4'-di- tert-butylbenzophenone affords a unique isolable U(IV) ketyl radical species [((t-Bu)ArO) 3tacn)U (IV)(OC* (t-Bu)Ph 2)] (2) supported by XRD data, magnetization measurements, and DFT calculations. Isolation and full characterization of the corresponding diphenyl methoxide complex [((t-Bu)ArO) 3tacn)U (IV)(OCH ( t-Bu )Ph 2)] (3) is a...