Barrett's oesophagus is the premalignant precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Non-dysplastic metaplasia can progress to low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and finally to invasive cancer. Although the frequency of adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's oesophagus is low, surveillance is justified because the outcome of adenocarcinoma is poor. Oesophagectomy remains the standard tr...

The close anatomical relations of the heart and oesophagus, and the similarity of symptoms attributable to disorders of either organ, often lead to diagnostic difficulty in patients with chest pain. A definitive diagnosis of non-cardiac chest pain attributable to oesophageal reflux or spasm is hampered, both by the need for prolonged ambulatory monitoring of pH, manometry, and endoscopy, and by...

DESCRIPTION A 79-year-old woman presented with a case of hypertensive cardiovascular disease and liver cirrhosis. Her medical history of fish bone with oesophageal perforation and mediastinitis was noted. She suffered from sudden onset of haematemesis while brushing teeth and 500 ml fresh blood was vomited. Emergent panendoscopy (PES) showed a vessel with active spurting over 20 cm from the inc...