Drug therapy intervention plays a major role in the management of many ocular diseases. However, precise delivery of pharmaceutical solutions to a specified target within the body is an ongoing challenge in many areas of drug delivery. Current routes of ocular treatment (topical, systemic or intraocular injections) have limited efficacy due to physiological barriers, potential side effects, and...

The coordination of head tilt, ocular counter-roll and vertical vergence is maintained by adaptive mechanisms; the desired outcome being clear single vision. A disruption or imbalance in otolith-ocular pathways may result in diplopia which stimulates these adaptive processes. In the present experiment, dove prisms were used to create cyclodisparities that varied with head tilt about a naso-occi...

The eye is a small and complex organ that is separated from the rest of the body by multiple layers of biological barriers. Moreover, the internal ocular structures and tissues are protected from the external environment by the tight junctions of the corneal epithelium and the mucosal surface. The ophthalmic application of drugs is the primary route of administration for the treatment of variou...

Extended Abstract Ocular drug delivery systems have the potential to improve drug bioavailability, reducing side effects and facilitating patient adherence by avoiding frequent administration, which is a major noncompliance with many chronic eye disorders as inflammatory process. Several recent studies have shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are also effective in the treatment or p...

Labor pain is one of the most tiresome types of pain. So human has been seeking to allay this pain until now. Administration of a suitable agent such as Entonox during labor is very beneficial for childbirth outcomes. Entonox can be administered in two ways: intermittently and continuously. The aim of this study is to demonstrate whether continuous method is as safe as intermittent method? This...

Remifentanil is an ultra short acting opioid that is suitable for many operations and is wildly used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. In this article we have reported the incidence of abdominal pain after cataract surgery in patients with remifentanil based anesthesia. This study is a randomized single blind clinical trial on 300 patients who were candidates for elective cataract su...

The usual outcome of pemphigus whitout treatment is death. The introduction of corticosteroids has greatly reduced the mortality of this condition, though a significant morbidity remains. The patients who are receiving high- dose steroids together with other immunosuppressive agents are at risk and may cause death through drug side effects and opportunitic infections. The descriptive study has ...

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) induces a paraphysiological state that can determine clinical modifications which do not constitute necessarily adverse effects, thus warranting monitoring rather than over corrective action in most circumstances. Others are known side effects related to hypothermia and can be anticipated. Rapid induction of hypothermia by infusion of cold crystalloids with a pressu...

Lapatinib is an oral dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2. Diarrhea and dermatologic adverse events are reported commonly by patients treated with lapatinib. Diarrhea can range from mild to severe based on the agents used in combination with lapatinib. The adverse events may diminish quality of life, reduce treatment adherence, and lead to discontin...