2. Vehicles can be designed to provide crash protection to the occu little or no penalty to the weight and cost of the vehicle. 3. Vehicle crashworthiness can be improved by providing the principles to designers and by emphasizing the importance of this design responsibility. Decisions and design choices can then be · and in cases where two or more comparable choices are possible, the in favor ...

Nearside occupants in side impact crashes often sustain severe injuries resulting in significant economic burden. Continual advancements in safety technology, including reinforced door structures, torso and head curtain air bags, compatibility improvements and other advancements, attempt to provide increased protection to occupants in these side impact crashes. Despite these advancements, serio...

Passive mechanical systems have been used in automotive seat design to reduce whiplash injuries, but these designs can only be optimized for a small range of occupant mass and impact severity. The overall goal of this work is to develop an actively controlled car seat that can reduce injurious kinematics during a rear impact for a large range of occupant mass and impact severity. In this study,...

Realistic models of occupant behaviour in relation to air-conditioner (a/c) use are fundamentally important for developing accurate building energy simulation tools. In Australia and elsewhere, such simulation tools are inextricably bound both in legislation and in the design of new technology, electricity infrastructure and regulatory schemes. An increasing number of studies in the literature ...

Evacuation models, including engineering hand calculations and computational tools, are used to calculate the time it takes to evacuate a building, which can then be used in an engineering safety analysis. However, there is a lack of available data and theory on occupant behavior for use by evacuation models to estimate evacuation time results and their uncertainty. In lieu of data and theory, ...

This is a summary of a paper which first appeared in the International Journal of Crashworthiness under the title: “Side Impact Protection Occupants in the Far-Side Seat”, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp 93-122. Readers are directed to the full paper for a more comprehensive discussion of the issues presented here. Much of the applied vehicle side impact occupant protection research to date has concentrated ...

Vehicle crash-event data recorders associated with inflatable occupant restraint systems, Mayday systems, and Automatic Crash Notification systems are rapidly becoming more common and more sophisticated. If such devices are equipped with integral accelerometers, it is possible to input the actual vehicle accelerationtime history recorded during the crash to a suitable occupant dynamics computer...

The Yuan Dynasty (AD 1271-1368) was the first dynasty in Chinese history where a minority ethnic group (Mongols) ruled. Few cemeteries containing Mongolian nobles have been found owing to their tradition of keeping burial grounds secret and their lack of historical records. Archaeological excavations at the Shuzhuanglou site in the Hebei province of China led to the discovery of 13 skeletons in...

Human body models (HBMs) for vehicle occupant simulations have recently been extended with active muscles and postural control strategies. Feedback control has been used to model occupant responses to autonomous braking interventions. However, driver postural responses during driver initiated braking differ greatly from autonomous braking. In the present study, an anticipatory postural response...