Community-Driven Development (CDD) boasts many islands of success, but few of them have scaled up to cover entire countries. This paper examines the possible obstacles and possible solutions. It considers the theoretical case for CDD, and case studies of success. Obstacles to scaling up include high economic/fiscal costs, adverse institutional barriers, problems associated with the co-productio...

Some novel numerical approaches to solving direct and inverse obstacle scattering problems are presented. Scattering by finite obstacles and by periodic structures is considered. The emphasis for solving direct scattering problem is on the Modified Rayleigh Conjecture method, recently introduced and tested by the authors. This method is used numerically in scattering by finite obstacles and by ...

This paper addresses the problem of navigating an autonomous moving entity in an environment with both stationary and movable obstacles. If a movable obstacle blocks the path of the entity attempting to reach its goal configuration, the entity is allowed to alter the placement of the obstacle by manipulation (e.g. pushing or pulling), to clear its path. This paper presents a probabilistically c...

in recent years, various attempts have been made by media managers to achieve a framework to move from conventional newsrooms to convergent newsrooms.so it seems that the recognition of obstacles and barriers faced by newsrooms attaches of great importance. this research is a complete series of these challenges in four categories, including: technological, organizational, cultural and instituti...

Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is central to modern biology, but is resisted by many people. This paper discusses the major psychological obstacles to accepting Darwin’s theory. Cognitive obstacles to adopting evolution by natural selection include conceptual difficulties, methodological issues, and coherence problems that derive from the intuitiveness of alternative theories...

purpose: today working at home are considered as important solutions for making jobs and income in throughout the word. the ability of doing this works at home causes the practitioners profit a lot. the main purpose of this issue is pathology of developing home jobs in rural areas in dishmuk district and also recognition of the most main motives in people’s tendency towards those jobs and the p...