background: rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic inflammatory disease with many genetic factors predisposing to disease susceptibility. the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of cd226 rs727088 and rs763361 polymorphisms and susceptibility to ra in a sample of the iranian population. methods: this case-control study was carried out on 100 patients with ra and 104 healthy su...

Reduced metabolic rate may contribute to weight gain in leptin-deficient ( ob/ob) mice; however, available studies have been criticized for referencing O2 consumption (V˙o 2) to estimated rather than true lean body mass. To evaluate whether leptin deficiency reduces energy expenditure, four separate experiments were performed: 1) NMR spectroscopy was used to measure fat and nonfat mass, permitt...

The cations and anions of the chiral title compound, C(5)H(14)N(2) (2+)·2Cl(-)·0.42H(2)O, are linked by N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds into chains propagating in [100], which contain R(4) (2)(14) loops.

the treatment of lung transplant recipients: an analysis of200 consecutive procedures. Chest 1992; 102:1049-54 2 Garnty ER, McCabe M, Husain A, et al. The utility of transbronchial biopsies after isolated lung transplantation. Chest 1992; 102:73S 3 Solans EP, Garrity ER, McCabe M, et al. Early diagnosis of cvtomegalovirus pneumonitis in lung transplant patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995; 119:33...

BACKGROUND Enfuvirtide (ENF) plus an optimized background (OB) antiretroviral regimen delays virological failure (VF), reduces HIV-1 viral load, and increases CD4 count compared with OB only in pretreated patients. PURPOSE To forecast long-term outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness of ENF+OB vs. OB in the Italian health care system. METHOD A Markov model was developed and clinical trial r...

During the embryonic period, many olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons arise in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) from precursor cells expressing Dlx2, Gsh2 and Er81 transcription factors. Whether GABAergic and dopaminergic interneurons are also generated within the embryonic OB has not been studied thoroughly. In contrast to abundant Dlx2 and Gsh2 expression in ganglionic eminences (GE), Dlx2 ...

OBJECTIVE Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is released during meals and promotes nutrient uptake and storage. GIP receptor knockout mice are protected from diet induced weight gain and thus GIP antagonists have been proposed as a treatment for obesity. In this study, we assessed the role of GIP in hyperphagia induced obesity and metabolic abnormalities in leptin deficient (Lep...

We have studied how spontaneous or carcinogen-induced intestinal tumorigenesis was affected by genetic or diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J-Apc (Min/+) X C57BL/6J-Lep (ob/+) mice. Obesity was induced by the obese (ob) mutation in the lep gene coding for the hormone leptin, or by a 45% fat diet. The effects of obesity were examined on spontaneous intestinal tumors caused by the multiple intestina...

The level of the obese gene product leptin is often positively correlated with body weight, supporting the notion that hyperleptinemia contributes to obesity-associated cardiac dysfunction. However, a link between leptin levels and cardiac function has not been elucidated. This study was designed to examine the role of leptin deficiency (resulting from a point mutation of the leptin gene) in ca...

The development of active tuberculosis after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is almost invariably caused by a persistent or transient state of relative immunodeficiency. Leptin, the product of the obese (ob) gene, is a pleiotropic protein produced mainly by adipocytes and is down-regulated during malnutrition and starvation, conditions closely connected with active tuberculosis. To in...