This paper considers the impact of the intellectual property (IP) system on the timing of cooperation/licensing by start-up technology entrepreneurs. If the market for technology licenses is efficient, the timing of licensing is independent of the patent grant date, and productive efficiency considerations will result in licensing as early as possible after invention. In contrast, the need for ...

Existing literature on optimal patent policy and growth has been focused on the infinite horizon economy models. The lack of analogous analysis for an economy of finitelyliving consumers motivates the present study. We develop a simple quality ladder model of an overlapping-generations economy in the spirit of the canonical model by Grossman and Helpman (1991). Then we analyze the effect of cha...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different types of demand structure affect firms’ optimal pricing and private copy protection (DRM) level of digital products. We construct a model where the equilibrium prices and protection levels are dependent upon the two parameters: public copy protection of digital products and degree of compatibility of DRM in terms of hacking technology. W...

We examine the e¤ect of collective rights organizations (CROs) on upstream innovation. CROs are established to facilitate downstream use, such as production and downstream innovation, of upstream intellectual property, We consider two simple royalty redistribution schemes, two di¤erent innovation environments and two di¤erent antitrust rules. We show that in most cases CROs increase upstream R&...

A group of virulent Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria, and A. veronii biovar sobria strains isolated from humans and fish have been described; these strains classified to serotype O11 are serologically related by their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen (O-polysaccharide), and the presence of an S-layer consisting of multiple copies of a crystalline surface array protein with a molecular weight o...

A total of 221 strains of Aeromonas species isolated in Mexico from clinical (161), environmental (40), and food (20) samples were identified using the automated system bioMérieux-Vitek. Antisera for serogroups O1 to 044 were tested using the Shimada and Sakazaki scheme. The K1 antigen was examined using as antiserum the O7:K1C of Escherichia coli. Besides, we studied the antimicrobial patterns...

Intangible assets are regarded as the future value drivers of company performance. The increased economic importance requires an intensified analyst and investor awareness of (reported) intangible assets and their financial reporting quality. However, hardly anything is known about the actual importance and influence of different intangible asset classes in different industries. To fill this ga...

The Role of University Scientist Mobility for Industrial Innovation Scientific knowledge is an important ingredient in the innovation process. Drawing on the knowledge-based view of the firm and the literature on the relationship between science and technology, this paper scrutinizes the importance of university scientists’ mobility for firms’ innovative activities. Combining patent data and ma...

Innovators must decide on an innovation strategy and how to protect their innovations from potential competitors. While the two decisions are related, they are not identical, and there is no guarantee that changes in the propensity to innovate must be reflected by changes in the propensity to protect. I separate a firm’s innovation and intellectual property (IP) protection decisions and enrich ...

Free Trade and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Can We Have One Without the Other?* This Paper is concerned with the interaction between trade policies and the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs). In particular, it investigates, within the framework of a general equilibrium model with endogenous growth, the welfare implications of an international agreement on one or bo...