In many machine learning applications, labeling every instance of data is burdensome. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), in which training data is provided in the form of labeled bags rather than labeled instances, is one approach for a more relaxed form of supervised learning. Though much progress has been made in analyzing MIL problems, existing work considers bags that have a finite number of...

We assessed the performance of hermetic triple layer Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags for protecting Hibiscus sabdariffa grain against storage insects. The major storage pest in the grain was a bruchid, Spermophagus sp.. When we stored infested H. sabdariffa grain for six months in the woven polypropylene bags typically used by farmers, the Spermophagus population increased 33-fold over...

Eight ruminally fistulated steers (352 +/- 27 kg BW) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design. Treatments were 1) 70% rolled barley +30% timothy hay (HC), 2) HC+folic acid (2 mg/kg BW; HC+F), 3) 30% rolled barley + 70% timothy hay (HF), and 4) HF+F. Total tract apparent digestibility of DM and CP were greater (P < or = .05) in steers fed the HC diet, whereas that of ADF and NDF was g...

A method was developed for extracting enzymes from micro-organisms closely associated with ammonia-treated straw (NH3-S) that had been incubated in nylon bags in the rumen. Incubation of washed straw with 125 ml carbon tetrachloride/l and 20 micrograms lysozyme/ml for 3 h at 37 degrees gave carboxymethylcellulase (EC 3.2.1.4; CMCase) and NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2; GDH) acti...

Terahertz (THz) radiation has many far reaching applications—of specific interest is that many non-metallic and non-polar substances are transparent in the THz frequency range. This provides many practical uses for security purposes, where it is possible to detect and determine various substances that may be hidden or undetectable via conventional methods such as X-rays. In addition to this pro...

BACKGROUND The 2005-06 avian influenza (AI) epidemic in Dogubayazit and nearby provinces in Eastern Turkey resulted in 12 confirmed human cases and four deaths and the culling of millions of poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour and perception about AI and the knowledge of breeders whose poultry were culled during the epidemic and to assess the outbreak control efforts w...

Mating crosses in all possible combinations between 15 monoascosporic isolates ofDidymella rabiei (Ascomycotina, Dothideales), derived from diseased chickpea stems collected at a single location in Genesee, Idaho, were prepared on sterile chickpea stem pieces incubated on moist sterile filter papers in glass petri dishes for 5-6 weeks at 10 C or in nylon mesh bags placed on the soil surface out...

abstract background: biogas is obtained by anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes buried materials used to produce electricity, heat and biofuels. biogas is at the second place for power generation after hydropower and in 2000 about 6% of the world power generation was allocated to biogas. biogas is composed of 40–45 vol% co2, 55–65 vol% ch4, and about 1% non-methanevocs, and non-methane vol...

Ruminal protein degradation of soybean meal and field pea were compared using 2 analytical methods: in situ and a laboratory analysis with a proteolytic enzyme extracted from Streptomyces griseus. The degradation of total nitrogen in nylon bags of the feeds was measured between 0 and 48 h in the rumen of 2 cows (theoretical degradability: 70.0% for soybean meal and 94.7% for field pea). Electro...

Experimental data on phytate phosphorus utilisation by ruminants are scarce. The aim of this study was to estimate the phytase activity of rumen micro-organisms when phytate phosphorus supply is high. A semi-continuous culture system fermentor (RUSITEC) was used. The inoculum was obtained from eight goats fed on either high or low forage level diets. Experimental buffers only differed by the na...