The aim of this study is to examine the equity premium puzzle in Iran for the quarterly period of 1993-2016. In this regard, the hybrid bivariate Garch model and also fuzzy dummy variables with consumption capital asset pricing model (C-CAPM) have been used. The results of study show that using C-CAPM within fuzzy dummy variables (CCAPM-F), the relative risk aversion coefficient of investor is ...

Previous studies reported higher antioxidant and mineral micronutrient concentrations in organic compared to conventional wheat flour, but the reasons are poorly understood. Here we report results from a long-term, factorial field experiment designed assess effects of variety choice, supplementary irrigation contrasting fertilization regimes used production on nutritional quality yield spelt gr...

this study utilizes a decade long (2005-2014) monthly data of total column tropospheric ozone (tcto) in dubson units to evaluate the spatial and temporal trend of lao over some major cities of west africa, namely lagos, accra, niamey, abuja, bamako, dakar, agadez, conakry, kano, and ouagadougou which are either capital cites or major commercial hubs, where the population ranges from 0.09 millio...

BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition (EN) is associated with improved outcome in critically ill patients and is more affordable. We compared nutritional care practice in our ICU before and after modification of our nutrition support protocol: Several comprehensive documents were substituted with one flow chart and early EN was encouraged. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. METHODS Nutritiona...

What are the most important sources of institutional variation among authoritarian regimes, and how do such institutions influence these dictatorships’ propensity to initiate military disputes? This article argues that most existing studies in both comparative politics and international relations employ a flawed conceptualization of authoritarian institutions. Excessive focus on the personaliza...

Between 1948 and 1996, mean annual environmental parameters in the Arctic experienced a well-pronounced decadal variability with two basic circulation patterns: cyclonic and anticyclonic alternating at 5 to 7 year intervals. During cyclonic regimes, low sea-level atmospheric pressure (SLP) dominated over the Arctic Ocean driving sea ice and the upper ocean counterclockwise; the Arctic atmospher...

Finding the optimal treatment regime (or a series of sequential treatment regimes) based on individual characteristics has important applications in areas such as precision medicine, government policies and active labor market interventions. In the current literature, the optimal treatment regime is usually de ned as the one that maximizes the average bene t in the potential population. This pa...

In the past few years, a body of ideas based on political economy theory has been built up by North and Weingast, Olson, Przeworski, and Acemoglu and Robinson. One theme that emerges from this literature concerns the transition to democracy: why would dominant elites give up oligarchic power? This article addresses this question by considering a formal model of an authoritarian regime, and then...