1. Abstract Modem aerospace gas turbines require large numbers of small diameter holes « 1 mm) to provide cooling in the turbine blades, nozzle guide vanes, combustion chambers and afterburner. A typical modem engine will have 1 00,000 such holes. Such holes can be successfully produced by laser trepanning, but this is a relatively slow process compared with laser percussion drilling. With perc...

The supersonic convergent-divergent nozzles have many applications. An advanced design method must be used when the conditions are critical and wave-free stream must be reached. The characteristic method is a general technique in which the design of a nozzle can be achieved. Unfortunately, this technique can be performed only through a lengthy graphical procedure. The aim of this paper is to cr...

Research on renewable and alternative fuels is crucial for improving the energy environmental efficiency of modern gasoline internal combustion engines. To highlight influence fuel rheological thermodynamic properties phase change atomisation processes, three types blends were tested. More specifically, campaign comprised a reference gasoline, an ethanol/gasoline blend (10% v/v) representative ...

in order to study the ecology of the genius microtus schrank, 1798 (mammalia: rodentia) in nwof iran, three regions including salmas, marand, and moghan were selected. the number of active nests of m. socialis and m. aff. socialis (2n=54) were detected during spring and autumn. in this period, detection were made in three blocks of each location (each one 20×50m) with intervals of one week in 2...

Inkjet printing has been used as an additive manufacturing method to fabricate organic light emitting diode (OLED). By changing the type and proportion of solvent inks adjusting parameters ink droplets, uniform ejection multi-nozzle is achieved volume deviation jet controlled at about 5% when poly(3,4-ethy lenedioxythiohene) : poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), hole injection layer materials,...

For Diesel engines, the determination of the exit conditions of the injector nozzle flow is of great importance because it greatly influences the spray development inside the combustion chamber and hence the combustion process. In addition, it is relevant to know the flow conditions to provide the initial conditions for spray models. Since the possibility of experimentally observing and measuri...

The performance of the rocket is determined by atomization, mixing and combustion process. Injectors are used to control these processes. Suitable method should be followed, so that increased. injector implementation in rockets determines nozzle can achieved. as simple a number small diameter holes arranged carefully constructed patterns through which fuel oxidizer travel. an improved either us...