Introduction: The emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, an etiolating agent coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has become pandemic global concern. Considering the huge number morbidity and mortality worldwide, World Health Organization, on 11th March 2020, announced unprecedented public health crisis. This virus is member plus sense RNA viruses that can show high rate mutations. ongoing mu...

Members of the Paramyxoviridae such as measles, mumps, and parainfluenza viruses have pleomorphic, enveloped virions that contain negative-sense unsegmented RNA genomes. This is encapsidated by multiple copies of a viral nucleocapsid protein N to form a helical ribonucleoprotein complex (termed the nucleocapsid), which acts as the template for both transcription and replication. Structure analy...

The conformations of the helical nucleocapsids of the paramyxoviruses Sendai virus and simian virus 5, and of a rhabdovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, have been found to vary extensively with changes in salt concentration. In 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.2, the nucleocapsids are loosely coiled or almost completely extended; with increasing concentrations of NaCl they become more tigh...

This report describes the preparation of six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against a British isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), their characterization in terms of protein specificity and their reactivity with different PRRS viruses from Europe and the USA. Radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting studies of MAb reactivity with proteins from cell l...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein is a major structural component of the virion core and a key factor involved in proviral DNA synthesis and virus formation. 2,2'-Dithiobenzamides (DIBA-1) and related compounds that are inhibitors of NCp7 are thought to eject zinc ions from NCp7 zinc fingers, inhibiting the maturation of virion proteins. Here, we show that the presence of...

Plant viruses have a significant impact on agronomic losses worldwide. A new strategy for engineering virus-resistant plants by transgenic expression of a dominant interfering peptide is presented here. This peptide of 29 aa strongly interacts with the nucleocapsid proteins (N) of different tospoviruses. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana lines expressing the peptide fused to a carrier protein we...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the smallest DNA virus and the major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis. The 3.2 kb HBV viral genome generates four major species of unspliced viral transcript as well as several alternatively spliced RNAs. A 2.2 kb singly-spliced RNA is the most abundant spliced RNA and is widely expressed among all HBV genotypes. The expression of the singly-spliced RNA, as well a...

The sequences of a region of the nucleocapsid protein gene, between nucleotides 1231 and 1686, encoding the C-terminal 151 amino acid residues of the nucleocapsid protein have been determined for 16 strains of measles virus. Analysis of this region showed that it is highly divergent (up to 7.2% divergence in the nucleotide sequence and 10.6% divergence in the amino acid sequence between most di...