Nuclear receptors are involved in a myriad of physiological processes, responding to ligands and binding to DNA at sequence-specific cis-regulatory elements. This binding occurs in the context of chromatin, a critical factor in regulating eukaryotic transcription. Recent high-throughput assays have examined nuclear receptor action genome-wide, advancing our understanding of receptor binding to ...

Pulmonary hypertension occurs with prolonged exposure to chronic hypoxia in both adults and neonates. The Ca(2+)-dependent transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform c3 (NFATc3), has been implicated in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling in adult mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that NFATc3 is required for chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension i...

This study was conducted to evaluate the microtubule distribution following control of nuclear remodeling by treatment of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos with caffeine or roscovitine. Bovine somatic cells were fused to enucleated oocytes treated with either 5 mM caffeine or 150 microM roscovitine to control the type of nuclear remodeling. The proportion of embryos that under...

Recently we have demonstrated the possibility to replace histones with protamine, through the heterologous expression of human protamine 1 (hPrm1) gene in sheep fibroblasts. Here we have optimized protaminization of somatic nucleus by adjusting the best concentration and exposure time to trichostatin A (TSA) in serum-starved fibroblasts (nuclear quiescence), before expressing Prm1 gene. To stop...

Beta-actin, once thought to be an exclusively cytoplasmic protein, is now known to have important functions within the nucleus. Nuclear beta-actin associates with and functions in chromatin remodeling complexes, ribonucleic acid polymerase complexes, and at least some ribonucleoproteins. Proteins involved in regulating actin polymerization are also found in the interphase nucleus. We define the...

Although nucleo-cytoplasmic transport is typically mediated through nuclear pore complexes, herpesvirus capsids exit the nucleus via a unique vesicular pathway. Together, the conserved herpesvirus proteins pUL31 and pUL34 form the heterodimeric nuclear egress complex (NEC), which, in turn, mediates the formation of tight-fitting membrane vesicles around capsids at the inner nuclear membrane. He...

Biochemical and genetic evidence suggest that the SWI/SNF complex is involved in the remodeling of chromatin during gene activation. We have used antibodies specific against three human subunits of this complex to study its subnuclear localization, as well as its potential association with active chromatin and the nuclear skeleton. Immunofluorescence studies revealed a punctate nuclear labeling...

background:gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) prevalence in patients with sulfur mustard (sm)-induced bronchiolitis obliterans (bo) is higher than exposed cases with mild lung injuries. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of microaspirations using nuclear scintiscan among bo patients with sm exposure. methods: this was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on patients...

Estrogen and oxidative stress have been implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mechanisms linking these systems are elusive. We hypothesized that estrogen metabolite, 16α-hydroxyestrone (16αOHE1), stimulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and proliferative responses in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle ...

Changes in the environment of a cell precipitate extracellular signals and sequential cascades of protein modification and elicit nuclear transcriptional responses. However, the functional links between intracellular signaling-dependent gene regulation and epigenetic regulation by chromatin-modifying proteins within the nucleus are largely unknown. Here, we describe novel epigenetic regulation ...