In [1], a new support vector machine (SVM)-based approach was proposed to predict the substrate (adenylation domain, or A domain in short) specificity of subtypes of a given protein sequence family (nonribosomal peptide synthetases, or NRPS in short). Based on the physico-chemical properties of the amino acids, the residues of NRPS were first encoded into vectors in high dimensional feature spa...

For biosynthesis of bacillamide C by Bacillus atrophaeus C89 associated with South China sea sponge Dysidea avara, it is hypothesized that decarboxylation from L-tryptophan to tryptamine could be performed before amidation by the downstream aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) to the non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) gene cluster for biosynthesizing bacillamide C. The structural an...

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed to isolate the biosynthetic gene cluster for the polyketide/peptide hybrid-type antibiotic cystothiazole A from the myxobacterium Cystobacter fuscus strain AJ-13278. Sequence analysis of a 63.9 kb contiguous region that encompasses the biosynthetic gene cluster (cta) led to the identification of a polyketide synthase (PKS)/nonribos...

Two Streptomyces strains, named N11-26 and DC10-5, were isolated from deep-sea non-photosynthetic stony coral, respectively. Strain produces lobophorin C divergolides, which are antimicrobial substances. This study aimed to classify these strains reveal their cryptic potential synthesize other secondary metabolites, such as polyketides nonribosomal peptides. Strains DC10-5 showed 16S rRNA gene ...

Nonribosomal peptide natural products are biosynthesized from amino acid precursors by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which are organized into modules. For a typical NRPS initiationmodule, an adenylation (A) domain activates an amino acid and installs it onto a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain as a thioester; an elongation module, which has a condensation (C) domain located betw...

BACKGROUND Amino acid adenylation domains (A domains) are critical enzymes that dictate the identity of the amino acid building blocks to be incorporated during nonribosomal peptide (NRP) biosynthesis. NRPs represent a large group of valuable natural products that are widely applied in medicine, agriculture, and biochemical research. Salinispora arenicola CNS-205 is a representative strain of t...

UNLABELLED The antibiotic streptothricin (ST) possesses an amino sugar bound to an l-β-lysine (β-Lys) residue via a peptide bond. The peptide bond formation has been shown to be catalyzed by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) during ST biosynthesis. The focus of this study is the closely related ST analogue BD-12, which carries a glycine-derived side chain rather than a β-Lys residue. Her...

The rhizosphere isolate Pseudomonas putida BW11M1 produces a mixture of cyclic lipopeptide congeners, designated xantholysins. Properties of the major compound xantholysin A, shared with several other Pseudomonas lipopeptides, include antifungal activity and toxicity to Gram-positive bacteria, a supportive role in biofilm formation, and facilitation of surface colonization through swarming. Aty...

Streptomyces sp. TP-A0873, isolated from deep-sea water, produces three different classes of secondary metabolites: antimycin, bohemamine, and alkylated butenolides. In order to assess the biosynthetic potential of this strain, draft genome sequencing was carried out. The genome contained at least 14 gene clusters for polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS).

Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) carry out the biosynthesis of numerous peptide natural products, including many with important clinical applications. The NRPS, organized into a series of modules, is an efficient, high-fidelity assembly line for the production of a particular peptide. Each module consists of domains, whose activities contribute to the accuracy of these assembly-line sys...