American college students’ and children’s scores on two measures of the need for social approval closely follow changes in the state of the larger society, decreasing signiWcantly from 1958 to 1980 and leveling oV between 1980 and 2001 (total nD 36,004 across 203 samples of college students responding to the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability scale; total nD 4741 across 38 samples of children r...

nowadays, planning is no longer considered merely a scientific and technical career nor agovernment responsibity. it rather functions as a bridge connecting the planners to institutional changes. in otherwords, the planning theory does not develop in a social, economic and political vacuum, but is formulated byindividuals in social situations with the aim of clarifying the enviroment recommendi...

This paper presents a sampling of research in design of engineering systems in the Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Recent activity in design principles for actively controlled and autonomous systems, normative decision based design theory and methodology, and bio-inspired compliant mechanisms and soft robotics is pre...

This article discusses theoretical research on abstraction methods that describe the contents of laws at an abstract level above the code. Abstractions are useful for several purposes, for instance to determine the normative essence of an existing law, which is interesting from the viewpoint of legal theory. In legislative drafting deep structures are intermediate formalizations between the nor...