BACKGROUND There is an increasing body of evidence that magnetic resonance imaging-occult tissue damage is an important component of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) pathology. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can be used to measure in vivo whole-brain N-acetylaspartate (WBNAA) concentrations, the decrease of whose levels is considered a marker of neuronal-axonal inj...

Objectives: This work aims to test the hypothesis that PhD students are more at risk oflarge fluctuations in the normalized happiness index. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of one male PhD student born in 1981 was con-ducted. The normalized happiness index of the PhD student was monitored during fiveyears and compared to a control group where none of the objects had been expos...

In this study, we develop a theoretical model based on social network theories and analytical methods for exploring collaboration (co-authorship) networks of scholars. We use measures from social network analysis (SNA) (i.e., normalized degree centrality, normalized closeness centrality, normalized betweenness centrality, normalized eigenvector centrality, average ties strength, and efficiency)...

background and objectives: mthe emergency severity index (esi) triage is commonly used in clinical settings to determine the patients’ emergency severity. however, the reliability of this index is not sufficiently explored. the present study examines the inter-rater reliability of esi by comparing triage ratings as performed by nurses and physicians. methods: this prospective cross-sectional st...

An h-type index is proposed which depends on the obtained citations of articles belonging to the h-core. This weighted h-index, denoted as hw, is presented in a continuous setting and in a discrete one. It is shown that in a continuous setting the new index enjoys many good properties. In the discrete setting some small deviations from the ideal may occur. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Wiener index of a graph is the sum of the distances between all pairs of vertices. In fact, many mathematicians have study the property of the sum of the distances for many years. Then later, we found that these problems have a pivotal position in studying physical properties and chemical properties of chemical molecules and many other fields. Fruitful results have been achieved on the Wien...