STUDY DESIGN A randomized controlled multicenter study with a 2-year follow-up by an independent observer. OBJECTIVES To determine whether fusion of the lower lumbar spine could reduce pain and diminish disability more effectively when compared with nonsurgical treatment in patients with severe chronic low back pain (CLBP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The reported results after fusion surger...

Periapical diseases are induced as a result of the direct or indirect involvement of oral bacteria. The etiologic factor being the degenerating pulp tissue. A periapical lesion is formed within an area of apical periodontitis which cannot form by itself and is inflammatory in origin. If the microbial etiology of periapical lesions and in the root canal is removed by nonsurgical root canal thera...

this case series aims to comprehensively introduce intentional replantation with a focus on its indications and case selection in endodontics. in all represented cases, calcium enriched mixture (cem) cement is used for root-end filling. this case series demonstrates twenty cases of ir and extraoral root-end resection and filling with cem cement. all the selected teeth had a failed endodontic tr...