In this paper we model the case of an international non-renewable resource monopolist as a dynamic game between a monopolist and  importing countries governments, and investigate whether a tariff on resource imports can be advantageous for consumers in importing countries. We analyze both the case of a price-setting monopolist and the case of a quantity-setting monopolist. We find that a tarif...

This paper provides an analysis of non-cooperative tariff-setting in the presence on foreign direct investment. We set up a two-country general equilibrium model with co-existence of exporters and horizontal multinational firms. For symmetric countries, analytical results are derived. The theoretical analysis is enriched by numerical simulation exercises to provide a concise picture of how asym...

medical imaging has a remarkable role in the practice of clinical medicine. this study intends to evaluate the knowledge of indications of five common medical imaging modalities and estimation of the imposed cost of their non-indicated requests among medical students who attend shiraz university of medical sciences, shiraz, iran. we conducted across-sectional survey using a self-administered qu...

Hayakawa, Kazunobu—How serious is the omission of bilateral tariff rates in gravity? This paper presents a constructed dataset of worldwide bilateral tariff rates to explore the seriousness of omitting bilateral tariff rates from gravity equations. Results indicate, first, that omitting bilateral tariff rates presents no serious issue related to the omitted variable bias because coefficients fo...

For many services, consumers can choose among a range of optional tariffs that differ in their access and usage prices. Recent studies indicate that tariff-specific preferences may lead consumers to choose a tariff that does not minimize their expected billing rate. This study analyzes how tariff-specific preferences influence the responsiveness of consumers’ usage and tariff choice to changes ...

The study examines the significance of Pakistan-India trade, focusing on their trade potential, impediments to bilateral trade; political barriers and non-tariff barriers. For seven decades, troubles tensions in relations have directly affected ties between two countries. unresolved issues, especially dispute over Kashmir, which is bone contention countries, continue impede normalization thus l...

The design of tariff schemes for packet-based network services, especially for Differentiated Internet Services, has turned out to be a non-trivial task. This is mainly due to the issue of how to account for the immense number of individual packets. This paper proposes a paradigm shift and argues that the solution of this feasibility problem is not a matter of coping with complexity, but instea...

It is well known that various forms of non-tariff trade barriers exist within a country. Empirically, it difficult to measure these as they can take many forms. We advantage nationwide VAT rebate policy reform in China natural experiment identify the existence intranational due local protectionism and study impact on exports exporting firms. As result shifting tax burden, leads greater incentiv...

In this article, optimal two-part tariffs of a bi-directional telecommunications service are examined. Heterogeneous users are assumed to formulate social demand for the service. Two regimes of supplier are considered: monopoly and non-monopoly. In the latter, the supplier which enjoyed monopoly is faced with the entry of a competitive mpplier. Demand externalities which are conspicuous in tele...