Abstract Non-international armed conflict between States and organised groups is a reality of warfare. Since the emergence 1949 Geneva Conventions, this form has been regulated by international humanitarian law. However, subset category known as ‘transnational conflict’ seen aggressive proliferation over recent decades such Islamic State Iraq Syria have taken advantage internet other technologi...

Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia, is a region where there are many cases of attacks by armed pirate groups. One the points in Sulu Sea which included territorial waters Philippines. The directly adjacent to several areas namely Kalimantan and Sulawesi, so it not surprising that terrorist groups from Philippines carry out acts piracy/jacking ships originating Indonesia. Abu Sayyaf group, sta...

Abstract Rebel groups govern significant parts of territory worldwide. They often deliver crucial public goods and services to populations under their control. Scholarship on rebel governance commonly explains this with the need for armed generate local international legitimacy. We argue that understanding as an instrumental means power is insufficient. Instead, we propose a novel conceptualiza...

Non-state armed groups have been the subject of research in Kenya for a long time. Many them emerge response to social, political, and economic inequalities dissatisfactions they engender. Kenyan society is marked by unemployment, huge gap between rich poor, marginalization due ethnic-based politics. As result, almost every region has registered at least one instance activity non-state group. T...

Abstract Emerging research has suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic generally favored rebel organizations—rather than states—in situations of intrastate conflict. This article challenges this perspective by analyzing pandemic's impact on three dimensions activity—armed activity, popular support and recruitment, governance. It does so using illustrative evidence from long-running insurgencies in...

Abstract This article analyses the procedural right to a remedy under human rights law when applied armed groups controlling territory and exercising governance. Using Al Hassan case before International Criminal Court as reference point drawing on literature rebel governance from other disciplines, conducts critical review of application groups. Finding that can be useful realistic, articles e...

What is the relationship between the type of training combatants receive upon recruitment into an armed group and their propensity to abuse civilians in civil war? Does military training or political training prevent or exacerbate the victimization of civilians by armed non-state actors? While the literature on civilian victimization has expanded rapidly, few studies have examined the correlati...

What is the relationship between the type of training combatants receive upon recruitment into an armed group and their propensity to abuse civilians in civil war? Does military training or political training prevent or exacerbate the victimization of civilians by armed non-state actors? While the literature on civilian victimization has expanded rapidly, few studies have examined the correlati...