Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and more than 80% of cases are of non-small cell lung cancer. Although chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy may provide some benefit, there is a need for newer therapies for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. Immunotherapy aims to augment the recognition of cancer as foreign, to stimulate immune respons...

Staging of lung cancer serves 2 purposes; it attempts to classify patients into groups where particular treatments are appropriate and defines those groups based on expected prognosis. The eighth edition of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer staging system deals with the issues raised by screening with fine cut computed tomography. Each phase of staging is a legitimate d...