A new current-mode multifunction filter using minimum number of passive elements is proposed. The proposed filter has single-input and four high-impedance outputs. It uses four passive elements (two capacitors and two resistors) and four dual output second generation current conveyors. Each output provides a different filter response, namely, low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band-reject. The ...

The paper presents a current conveyor based multifunction filter. The proposed circuit can be realized as low pass, high pass, band pass and elliptical notch filter. The circuit employs two balanced output current conveyors, four resistors and two grounded capacitors, ideal for integration. It has only one output terminal and the number of input terminals may be used. Further, there is no requi...

We make the first steps towards showing a general “randomness for free” theorem for stochastic automata. The goal of such theorems is to replace randomized schedulers by averages of pure schedulers. Here, we explore the case of measurable multifunctions and their measurable selections. This involves constructing probability measures on the measurable space of measurable selections of a given me...

Expansive laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) has had favorable outcomes. Many modifications of expansive laminoplasty have been developed, including expansive laminoplasty with and without spinous process spacers (SPS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether surgical outcomes were similar between expansive laminoplasty surgeries with and with...

We introduce the property of pre-expansivity for cellular automata (CA): it is the property of being expansive on asymptotic pairs of configurations (i.e. configurations that differ in only finitely many positions). Pre-expansivity therefore lies between expansivity and pre-injectivity, two important notions of CA theory. We show that there exist one-dimensional pre-expansive CAs which are not ...

In this paper theorems are proved which provide for lifting and projecting expansive homeomorphisms through pseudocovering mappings so that the lift or projection is also an expansive homeomorphism. Using these techniques it is shown that the compact orientable surface of genus 2 admits an expansive homeomorphism.

We consider the problem of straightening chains in d ≥ 3 dimensions, possibly embedded into higher dimensions, using expansive motions. For any d ≥ 3, we show that there is an open chain in d dimensions that is not straight and not self-touching yet has no expansive motion. Furthermore, for any ∆ > 0 and d ≥ 3, we show that there is an open chain in d dimensions that cannot be straightened usin...

Farmers are the heart of rural tourism destinations, and their land-responsibility behaviours affect sustainable development. In this study, four tourist sites in suburbs Chengdu were selected, structural equation model was used to analyse influence farmers’ self-identity on intention under condition agricultural multifunction perception as a mediation variable. The results show that, destinati...