Experimental investigation of electron-ion coupling and electron heat capacity of copper in warm and dense states are presented. From time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy, the temporal evolution of electron temperature is obtained for non-equilibrium warm dense copper heated by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. Electron heat capacity and electron-ion coupling are inferred from the init...

We present a general analytic method for understanding how specific motions of a classical bath influence the dynamics of quantum mechanical observables in mixed quantum/classical molecular dynamics simulations. We apply our method and develop expressions for the special case of quantum solvation, allowing us to examine how specific classical solvent motions couple to the equilibrium energy flu...

We report on the equilibrium shape and atomic structure of thermally-processed Au nanocrystals (NCs) as determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The NCs were either deposited on SiO2surface or embedded in SiO2layer. Quantitative data on the NCs surface free energy were obtained via the inverse Wulff construction. Nanocrystals inside the SiO2layer are defect-free and...

The longitudinal phase space of an electron bunch in a storage ring is usually described by the bunch length c, and the energy spread cr,. The equilibrium values of these quantities are determined by a balance of damping and quantum excitation stemming from the emission of synchrotron radiation. However, the presence of longitudinal wake fields lead to a correlationbetween energy and position i...

Raman difference spectroscopy measurements on native and chemically modified human deoxyhemoglobins stabilized in either the R or the T quaternary structure revealed frequency differences in the oxidation state marker lines. The differences indicate that the R structure has an effective increase in the electron density of the antibonding pi* orbitals of the porphyrin rings. This increase is exp...

We combine femtosecond electron diffuse scattering experiments and first-principles calculations of the coupled electron-phonon dynamics to provide a detailed momentum-resolved picture ultrafast lattice thermalization in thin film black phosphorus. The measurements reveal emergence highly anisotropic non-thermal phonon populations which persist for several picoseconds following excitation elect...

the objective of this study is synthesis and characterization of the chitosan-silica composite (csc) and use them as an adsorbent material for peat water treatment. the resulting composite was characterizedby fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (sem), x-ray diffraction(xrd), n2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and zeta potential. the sorption experiments w...

All living cells transport molecules and ions across membranes, often against concentration gradients. This active transport requires continual energy expenditure and is clearly a non-equilibrium process for which standard equilibrium thermodynamics is not rigorously applicable. Here we derive a nonequilibrium effective potential that evaluates the per-particle transport energy invested by the ...