In this research, we study a single-component system that is characterized by three distinct states, cf. the Delay Time Model: normal, defective, and failed. The system is maintained by an inspection policy with fixed time intervals, and preventive system replacement after a number of inspections. The inspections are imperfect, and the probability of an inspection error changes over the system’...

Mechanical properties are the attributes that measure the faculty of a metal to withstand several loads and tensions. Specifically, ultimate tensile strength is the force a material can resist until it breaks and, thus, it is one of the variables to control in the foundry process. The only way to examine this feature is the use of destructive inspections that renders the casting invalid with th...

The concept of traceability is defined according to the standard ISO 8402 like “the ability for the retrieval of the history and use or location of an article or an activity through a registered identification”. Their implementation in the wood industry is delayed because of the limits of classical automatic identification systems in regard to the nature of wood and the features of the manufact...

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The availability of reliable characterisation tools for carbon films down to a few atomic layers’ thickness is one of the most decisive factors for technology development and production. In particular, non-destructive techniques are preferred. This chapter reviews the use of x-ray reflectivity, surface acoustic waves, and Raman spectroscopy to characterise carbon films in terms of density, thic...

Computed Tomography (CT) scanning has served as an important non-destructive research tool by providing twoand three-dimensional images particularly in medicine, biology and materials science. An example of its application in the area of materials is reported. Experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of location within column element on the strength and porosity characterist...

Techniques that make possible the non-destructive continuous observation of plant anatomy and developmental processes provide novel insights into these phenomena. Non-destructive imaging of seeds was demonstrated using the synchrotron-based X-ray imaging technique, diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI). The seed images obtained had good contrast and definition, allowing anatomical structures and p...

The liquid penetrant testing, and its capillary variety, and control of airtightness, are based on the filling by the liquid defectoscopic substances of capillaries and capillary-porous bodies. Physicomechanical interaction on the boundary liquid solid body influences seriously the eventual result of control. For the first time we investigated phenomena, as interaction in the capillary of two c...

Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) has become an inseparable part of modern society. Be it the field of engineering, technology, or healthcare, NDE is being used right from cradle to tomb to optimize processes, manage quality, predict the life and limit liability avoiding accidents. While NDE science and technology was qualitative during the first half of 20 century, the liberalisation of economi...