BACKGROUND To examine the seasonality of suicides in Australia and New Zealand during the period 1981 to 1993. METHODS A chi-square test and a harmonic analysis were used to detect the seasonality of the suicide data. RESULTS The reduced amplitude and a smaller proportion of variance accounted for by seasonality suggested the seasonal effect on suicide is greatly diminished. The absence of ...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to identify technical item flaws in the multiple choice questions submitted for the final exams for the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. METHODS This descriptive analytical study was carried out in Islamic International Medical College (IIMC). The Data was collected from the MCQ's submitted by the faculty for the final exams for the year 2009, 2010 and 2011. T...

BACKGROUND Lack of breast feeding is associated with higher morbidity and case-fatality from both bacterial and viral etiologic diarrheas. However, there is very limited data on the characteristics of non-breastfed infants attending hospital with diarrheal illnesses caused by common bacterial and viral pathogens. Our objective was to assess the impact of lack of breast feeding on diarrheal illn...

This paper describes how the use of bicycle helmets in Sweden has changed for different categories of cyclists from 1988 to 2002, and it also estimates future trends in voluntary wearing of bicycle helmets up to the year 2010. Observational studies of the use of bicycle helmets were conducted once a year from 1988 to 2002 at 157 sites in 21 cities. The subjects observed were children cycling to...

The multinomial Dirichlet distribution was used to study the effect of correlation between observations in a sample on the frequency of rejection of the Hardy--Weinberg Law when in fact it was true in the population being sampled. It was shown that the usual X2 goodness-of-fit test of Hardy--Weinberg is very sensitive to non-multinomial sampling. In view of the lack of statistical power of the ...

The study aims an investigating for the implication of tree based land use pattern to smallholder farmers’ food insecurity coping mechanism. Information on household characteristics, purpose of land use practices, household food security situation and tree based land use has contributed to household food security were collected through household interviews. About 11% of the total households wer...

Chi-square tests are generally used for distinguishing purposes; however when they are combined to simultaneously test several independent variables, extra notation is required. In this study, the chi-square statistics in some previous works is revealed to be computed half of its real value. Therefore, the notion of Multi–Chi-square tests is formulated to avoid possible future confusions. In or...

BACKGROUND The protective effect of cardiorespiratory fitness, regardless of obesity, has been recognized in adults. However, this association is still not clear in elderly individuals. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between hypertension and cardiorespiratory fitness in 1,064 elderly Brazilian women. METHODS Central obesity was estimated by waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fi...

The CEV model allows volatility to change with the underlying price, capturing a basic empirical regularity very relevant for option pricing, such as smile. Nevertheless, standard solution, using non-central chi-square approach, still presents high computational times. In this paper, pricing formula is computed semiclassical approximation of Feynman’s path integral. Our simulations show that me...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a Taegyo program on parents-fetal attachment and parenthood in first pregnancy couples (mothers and spouses). METHODS The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest experiment. Study participants were 52 first pregnancy couples visiting two medium-scale obstetrics and gynecology clinics located in Gwangju....