The object of this study was to determine whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can prevent ovariectomy-induced cancellous bone loss. Thirty-five 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. The rats in the first group were ovariectomized (OVX) while the others received sham operation (sham-OVX). The OVX group was further divided into three treatment groups. The daily doses fo...

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are widely used in many environments to perform various monitoring tasks. In many such tasks, node location exists as permanent system parameter and to determine the exact position or location of sensor nodes in WSN is a big challenge to achieve. To achieve this challenge, various algorithms have been implemented to provide better accuracy even if anchor node dens...

We propose a method to manage transmission power in nodes belonging to a wireless sensor network (WSN). The scenario contemplates uncoordinated communications using impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB). Transmission power is controlled according to the statistical nature of the multiple access interference (MAI) produced by the nodes in the close vicinity of the communicating nodes. The statis...

Message routing in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) pose a particular technical challenge due to their highly dynamic nature. Eiza and Ni [1] have proposed an evolving graph approach to route messages in VANETs both reliably and efficiently. Evolving graphs, however, are resource intensive and do not scale well as the density of vehicles in the network increases. In this paper, we present a h...

Nowadays Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is top rising field .It is broadly used in lots of application areas since previous few years. Sensor is the mainly significant and fundamental part in WSN. Reliability is one of the key aspects of WSN. Reliability is nothing but the consistency in measuring the results. It is necessary for efficient and reliable data transmission process. Congestion contr...

BACKGROUND High mammographic density might mask breast tumors, resulting in delayed diagnosis or missed cancers. PURPOSE To investigate the association between mammographic density and histopathologic tumor characteristics (histologic type, size, grade, and lymph node status) among women screened in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. MATERIAL AND METHODS Information about 1760 s...

7 tions are proposed for wormhole attacks in sensor networks, but only a few of 8 them take mobility of sensor nodes into account. We propose a distributed 9 wormhole detection scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks in which mobility 10 of sensor nodes is utilized to estimate two network features (i.e. network node 11 density, standard deviation in network node density) through using neighb...

In this paper, we describe a novel forwarding technique based on geographical location of the nodes involved and random selection of the relaying node via contention among receivers. A collision avoidance scheme based on this idea is described in detail, and an approximate analysis is provided. The proposed scheme is compared with STEM, and is shown to perform significantly better for sufficien...

DV-Hop positioning algorithm based on distance vector routing and GPS location was put forward. The paper presents a localization algorithm for sensor networks based on mobile beacon localization in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor network localization accuracy depends on the density of beacon node. In this paper, using the Monte Carlo localization algorithm to solve the problem of nod...

Broadcasting also called as flooding is one of the earliest research interests in mobile ad hoc networking. The main objective of broadcasting scheme is to avoid broadcast storm problem, provide good network performance and scalability. Existing probabilistic scheme consider only one parameter such as network density, node location or counter value in calculating probability value for broadcast...