The climate system is warming, and a key factor in this change of the climate system is the increase of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses, which alter the balance of incoming and outgoing energy at the surface (Solomon et al., 2007). The most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide (CO2) and the uptake of carbon by the biosphere is a substantial component affectin...

Solid carbon is an important raw material in industrial processes. Most of the charcoal produced today via conventional carbonization, which suffers from huge losses due to system inefficiency. Intermediate pyrolysis principally similar carbonization and produces biocarbon while capturing off gasses; among these gasses aqueous condensate, difficult utilize high water content low energy content....

Introduction: Some impact-melt glasses in sher-gottite meteorites contain large abundances of martian atmospheric noble gases with high

Nanostructures of noble metal materials have been used in organic solar cells for enhancement of performance and light trapping. In this study, we have introduced branched silver cauliflower-like nanopatterns as sub-wavelength structured metal grating in organic solar cells. Self-assembled fabrication process of branched nanopatterns was carried out on a bio-template of cicada wing nanonipple a...

The debate on emission targets of greenhouse gasses designed to limit global climate change has to take into account the ecological consequences. One of the clearest ecological consequences is shifts in phenology. Linking these shifts to changes in population viability under various greenhouse gasses emission scenarios requires a unifying framework. We propose a box-in-a-box modeling approach t...